Exposure routes Ingestion

Lindane in 1) cream, lotion and shampoo formulations is also used as a parasiticide and ovacide (Kwell) in the treatment of lice (ref. 92, p. 1446). Lindane has a local irritant action and can be absorbed dermally. Acute toxicity in humans may occur by all exposure routes ingestion, inhalation or dermal (ref. 97). All isomers of BHC act on the central nervous system (CNS), but not identically the gamma and... 

EXPOSURE ROUTES Ingestion adsorption occupational exposure. 

EXPOSURE ROUTES Ingestion (contaminated drinking water and food) occupational exposure. 

EXPOSURE ROUTES Ingestion (contaminated food) digging in soils in areas where it has been applied occupational exposure. 

EXPOSURE ROUTES Ingestion (residue on fruits, potatoes and other crops) absorption (contaminated soil) occupational exposure. 

EXPOSURE ROUTES Ingestion (food, drinking water) use of hemodialysis tubing polyvinylchloride bags containing intravenous solutions occupational exposure not absorbed through skin. 

EXPOSURE ROUTES Ingestion inhalation absorption (skin and eyes). 

EXPOSURE ROUTES ingestion inhalation eye and skin contact direct manufacturing effluents, chemical waste dump leachates... 

EXPOSURE ROUTES ingestion skin contact inhalation subsurface ground injection as an insecticide manufacture, formulation, application of insecticide mothers milk cows milk commercially prepared baby foods... 

EXPOSURE ROUTES ingestion inhalation of vapor adsorption through skin air emissions and wastewater flue gases and fly ash from waste incineration ambient air contaminated food, water, and soil detected in food during market based surveys... 

EXPOSURE ROUTES ingestion inhalation dermal contact wastewater fugitive emissions during its production and use as a chemical intermediate vehicle exhaust emissions... 

Exposure route ingestion and skin absorption target organs kidney, liver, blood, and cardiovascular system causes anemia, cyanosis, and changes in liver and kidney LD50 oral (mice) ... 

Agent GA (tabun) is an organophosphate ChE inhibitor similar to other nerve agents in mode of action and toxic effects, and it is toxic by all possible exposure routes ingestion, inhalation, and ocular and percutaneous absorption (DA 1974). By the inhalation exposure route, GA is only half as toxic as GB however, at low concentrations it has a greater effect on the eyes (DA 1974). The acute toxicity of GA and other nerve agents has been reviewed in several earlier reports (Carnes and Watson 1989 Dacre 1984 Munro et al. 1994 Sidell 1992 ... 

To determine acceptable contaminant levels in soils, two primary exposure routes are usually considered (1) inlialation of gases, vapors, or airborne particulate emanating from the site, and (2) ingestion of contamimtted drinking water. Other routes that can contribute to e.xposure include absorption of pollutants tluough direct skin contact and uptake of wtiter or soil contantinants by plants that are part of the food chain. 

Bioavailability from Environmental Media. Endosulfan can be absorbed following inhalation of contaminated workplace air and ingestion of insecticide-contaminated food (Ely et al. 1967). Dermal contact with or ingestion of endosulfan that is tightly bound to soil particles is an exposure route of... 

Route Dependent Toxicity. The toxicity of trichloroethylene does not seem to be heavily dependent upon its route of entry. Inhalation and ingestion are the primary exposure routes, and the liver, heart, and central nervous system are the primary targets for both routes (Candura and Faustman 1991). Renal toxicity results principally from oral exposure, and dermal exposure generally confines its toxic effects to the skin, although broad systemic effects can be induced imder conditions of high exposure (Bauer and Rabens 1974). Attributing such effects solely to dermal exposure, however, is difficult because inhalation exposure is often a factor in these cases as well. 

Exposure routes would be ingestion and inhalation of dust. Even so, the dose rates that would be received by these pathways are very low (Murray and Avogadro 1979). 

The question of acceptable soil levels in waterway sediments was resolved by linking such levels to the human exposure route of fish ingestion. The fishermen involved do not require the fish they catch to provide a major portion of their diet. Thus, a safe-sided estimate of their fish dietary intake was set... 

Exposure routes considered which may include ingestion, inhalation, dermal absorption, or any combination thereof. 

Human populations are likely to be exposed to a pollutant through more than one exposure route at a time. Total exposure may combine intake through ingestion of different substances, dermal absorption from surface water and water supply, and inhalation at different locations in the study area (e.g., work, home, recreational areas, commuting routes). Calculation of total exposure requires that the pharmacokinetics (absorption, metabolism, storage, excretion) for different exposure routes are understood for the pollutant of concern. Otherwise, only exposures by route can be combined. 

When a chemical is emitted to the environment, it is distributed into different environmental matrices depending on the properties of the substance. When distributed in the environment, different organisms, including humans, can be exposed to the substance via different exposure routes such as ingestion, inhalation and dermal exposure. Depending on both species and substance characteristics, the exposure to a substance can give rise to different impacts. 

Recycling of printer circuit boards is deemed as the most important source of heavy metals to the ambient environment. These heavy metals may be entering into human body from various exposure routes such as ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption. Exposure to high levels of heavy metals can lead to acute and chronic toxicity, such as damage to central and peripheral nervous systems, blood composition, lungs, kidneys, liver, and even death [14],... 

Normal Routes of Exposure Inhalation Ingestion Abraded skin Mucous membranes possibly Vectors (biting flies). 

Normal routes of exposure Inhalation Ingestion Mucous Membranes. 

Normal Routes of Exposure Inhalation Ingestion Abraded Skin. 

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