Exposure behavioral effects

Burger, J. and M. Gochfeld. 1985. Early postnatal lead exposure behavioral effects in common tern chicks (Sterna hirundo). Jour Toxicol. Environ. Health 16 869-886. 

Crowder LA, Lanzaro GC, Whitson RS. 1980. Behavioral effects of methyl parathion and toxaphene exposure in rats. J Environ Sci Health B15 365-378. 

CBs, like OPs, can cause a variety of sublethal neurotoxic and behavioral effects. In one study with goldfish Carrasius auratus), Bretaud et al. (2002) showed effects of carbofuran on behavioral end points after prolonged exposure to 5 pg/L of the insecticide. At higher levels of exposure (50 or 500 pg/L), biochemical effects were also recorded, including increases in the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. The behavioral endpoints related to both swimming pattern and social interactions. Effects of CBs on the behavior of fish will be discussed further in Chapter 16, Section 16.6.1. 

Speaking generally, many laboratory studies have shown behavioral effects in vertebrates or invertebrates or both exposed to organochlorine, carbamate, OP, pyre-throid, and neonicotinoid insecticides. However, the critical questions are (1) to what extent have these effects been demonstrated at normal levels of exposure in the field and (2), if such effects have occurred in the field, have there been knock-on effects at the population level These issues will be returned to in Section 16.7. 

Many of these tests gave evidence for changes in behavior following exposure to neurotoxic pesticides. The author concludes that significant behavioral effects were often recorded down to one order of magnitude below the LCjo in question. Some tests, such as operant tests, were relatively simple and gave reproducible results, but it was difficult to evaluate the relevance of these to survival in the wild. Other tests, such as breeding behavior and prey capture, were more complex and less reproducible, but more relevant to the natural world. 

Burger J. 1990. Behavioral effects of early postnatal lead exposure in herring guU (Lams argentatus) chicks. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 35 7-14. 

Counard CJ. 2000. Mercury exposure and effects on Common Loon Gavia immer) behavior in the Upper Midwestern United States. University of Minnesota. MS thesis. 

Bomschein RL, Pearson D, Reiter L. 1980. Behavioral effects of moderate lead exposure in children and animal models Part 1. Clinical studies Part 2. Animal studies. CRC Crit Rev Toxicol 43-152. 

Emory E, Patillo R, Archibold E, et al. 1999. Neuro-behavioral effects of low level lead exposure in human newborns. American Journal of Obstretrics and Gynecology, in press. 

Hopper DL, Keman WJ, Lloyd WE. 1986. The behavioral effects of prenatal and early postnatal lead exposure in the primate Macaca fascicularis. Toxicol Ind Health 21 1-16. 

Levin ED, Schneider ML, Ferguson SA. et al. 1988. Behavioral effects of developmental lead exposure in Rhesus monkeys. Dev Psychobiol 21 371-382. 

Mele PC, Bushnell PJ, Bowman RE. 1984. Prolonged behavioral effects of early postnatal lead exposure in rhesus monkeys Fixed-interval responding and interactions with scopolamine and pentobarbital. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 6 129-135. 

Overmann SR. 1977. Behavioral effects of asymptomatic lead exposure during neonatal development in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 41 459-471. 

Walsh TJ, Schulz DW, Tilson HA, et al. 1996. Acute exposure to triethyl lead enhances the behavioral effects of dopaminergic agonists Involvement of brain dopamine in organolead neurotoxicity. Brain Res 363 222-229. 

Burger, J. and M. Gochfeld. 1995a. Behavior effects of lead exposure on different days for gull (Larus argentatus) chicks. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 50 97-105. 

Geist, C.R., S.W. Balko, M.E. Morgan, and R. Angiak. 1985. Behavioral effects following rehabilitation from postnatal exposure to lead acetate. Percep. Motor Skills 60 527-536. 

Trimethyltin-induced behavioral disruptions usually peak 3 to 5 days after exposure, but effects persist for extended periods and seem to be irreversible (Reiter and Ruppert 1984 McMillan and Wenger 1985). Rats sometimes survive the trimethyltin behavior syndrome and appear outwardly normal, although later neuropathological examination shows extensive bilateral damage, including hippocampus shrinkage and cell loss (Aldridge etal. 1981). 

Given 0.05-15 mg/kg BW daily, chronic exposure Offspring showed behavioral effects at all doses at 15 mg/kg BW daily, reproduction was inhibited and offspring showed immunosuppression 2... 

Few data on acute exposures with effects that meet the definition of an AEGL-2 were located. No clinical signs of intoxication were observed in rats exposed to PGDN at 189 ppm for 4 h. The methemoglobin level was 23.5% (Jones et al. 1972). Exposure of monkeys to PGDN at a concentration of 33 ppm for 4 h failed to affect performance in an operant avoidance behavioral test but altered the VER (Mattsson et al. 1981). 

Reiter LW, Kidd K. 1978. The behavioral effects of subacute exposure to Kepone or mirex on the weanling rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 45 357. 

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