Export Ban

In 2008, Congress amended TSCA 12(b) by passing the Mercury Export Ban of 2008, which prohibits the export of elemental mercury effective 

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Temporary export bans on Belgian meat and poultry products by many nations... 

Congress directly imposed restrictions on distribution of mercury when it enacted the Mercury Export Ban of 2008, ° which added a new TSCA 6(f) banning the sale, distribution, or transfer of elemental mercury by... 

The export provisions of the Mercury Export Ban are codified at TSCA 12(c)(1) and discussed in Chapter 8, Exports and Imports. 

A) Report. Not later than one year after the date of enactment of the Mercury Export Ban Act of 2008, the Administrator shall publish and submit to Congress a report on mercuric chloride, mercurous chloride or calomel, mercuric oxide, and other mercury compounds, if any, that may currently be used in significant quantities in products or processes. Such report shall include an analysis of—... 

Birikorang, G., Okai, R., Asens o-Okyete, K., Afrane, S., Robinson, G. (2001). Ghana wood industry and log export ban study. London Department of International Development (DFID). Final Report. Forestry Commission. 

Under TSCA, the EPA has issued a ban on the manufacture, processing, and distribution of produces containing PCBs. Exporting of PCB has also been banned. TSCA also required that PCB mixtures containing more than 50 ppm PCBs must be disposed of in an acceptable incinerator or chemical waste landfill. AU PCB containers or produces containing PCBs had to be clearly marked and records maintained by the operator of each facility handhng at least 45 kilograms of... 

Puckett J, Byster L, Westervelt S, Gutierrez R, Davis S, Hussain A, Dutta M (2002) Exporting harm the high-tech trashing of Asia. http //www.ban.org/E-waste/technotrashfinalcomp.pdf. Accessed 10 Apr 2012... 

Convention on Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal and 69 ratified the ban on all kinds of hazardous waste export from wealthy OECD-countries to non-OECD countries, large amounts of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) are shipped overseas for recycling, the majority to China as reported by Brigden et al. [2] and Puckett et al. [3], lesser quantities to India and Western Africa reported by Kuper and Hojsik [4]. WEEE contains a variety of harmful substances like endocrine disruptors and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Additionally, hazardous substances may be formed during informal recycling. This often practised informal treatment without proper equipment for metal extraction and labour safety heavily affects the environment and human health of workers and the inhabitants of whole stretches of land. 

In the European Community (EC), the use of hormonal substances for the promotion of animal growth is prohibited (Directive 96/22/EC). The ban was applied without discrimination internally and to imports from third countries as from January 1,1989. As a result, countries wishing to export bovine meat and meat products to the EC were required either to have an equivalent legislation or to follow a hormone-free cattle program [14]. 

Endrin is no longer manufactured in the United States. Velsicol Chemical Company, Memphis, Tennessee, was the producer of endrin until the final voluntary cancellation of registration with the Office of Pesticide Programs in 1991 (Bishop 1984, 1985, 1986 EPA 1983e USDA 1995). It is estimated that 2.3-4.5 million kg (5.1-9.9 million pounds) of endrin were sold in the United States in 1962, while less than 450,000 kg (990,000 pounds) were produced in 1971 (IARC 1974). More recent estimates of domestic production of endrin could not be found (HSDB 1995). As with many toxic chemicals, information on production or use of pesticides is often proprietary, and quantitative estimates of production of endrin are virtually impossible to obtain (Bason and Colbom 1992). Chemical manufacturers in the United States however, can legally produce pesticides for export that are currently banned or not registered for use in the United States (FASE 1996). No information on the production of endrin was available from the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) because endrin is not one of the chemicals that facilities are required to report (EPA 1995a). 

Data on historic imports and exports of endrin are sparse. The most recent data that could be located indicate that about 21,000 kg (46,000 pounds) of endrin were imported into the United States in 1972 (IARC 1974). No information on export volumes of endrin was located. Recently, however, the Foundation for Advancements in Science and Education reported that almost 75% of the 750,000 tons of pesticides the United States exported from 1992 to 1994 lacked chemical-specific information (FASE 1996). Many of the exported pesticides were organochlorine pesticides which had been banned for use in the United States. 

Provisions and criteria should be established for the production and management of intermediates containing POPs. The Name List for Hazardous Chemicals Banned and Restricted Strictly should be adjusted to add Mirex and other emerging POPs related toxic chemicals into the controlled substances subject to the Environmental Management Registration System for Import/Export of Toxic Chemicals. 

Stenhouse, F. (2007). "Market Access Advice Prohibition of Oilfish and Escolar Exports to South Korea (Aug 13)." Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service, Australia, http // www.daff.gov.au/aqis/export/fish/fish-notices/2007/FISH0708 Oilfish escolar market ban to South Korea.pdf. Accessed Nov. 5, 2008. 

Problems sometimes can arise when an importing country has not established an MRL for a certain drug in common use in the exporting country. This does not necessarily mean that the drug has been banned but it could mean that the importing country has no need for the particular drug and has had no cause to establish an MRL. The absence of an MRL, however, has exactly the same effect as an MRL of zero, because in the absence of an MRL any detectable residue is unacceptable. 

Despite those advantages, use of these growth-promoting agents has been prohibited in the European Union since 1989. As a consequence, a ban has been implemented on imports of red meat from animals treated with growth-promoting hormones, cutting off US beef exports to the European Union valued at about 100 million annually. 

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