Executive Order benefits

Thus, the Executive Order requires that agencies affected by the order employ cost-benefit criteria in developing and issuing regulations. The tool to be applied for that purpose is the Regulatory Impact Analysis. 

CMA also supports the cost-effectiveness requirement of Executive Order 12291. It believes that regulatory agencies should analyze the potential costs and benefits of reasonable alternatives for achieving regulatory goals. Non-regulatory approaches, such as economic incentives, can be more effective and less costly than regulations. 

The issuance of Executive Order 12291 has now made cost-benefit analysis a necessary part of the issuance of some federal rules. At this time, bills in both houses of Congress are being considered to expand the scope of cost-benefit analysis and to elevate it to legislative status. 

Some conclusions can nevertheless be drawn. It seems clear from the survey research data that the American public is concerned over the increase in social regulation, and that there is growing interest in introducing the cost factor into agency considerations. It can reasonably be concluded that, so long as Executive Order 12291 requires regulatory impact analysis, cost-benefit analysis will play that function. Nevertheless, the nature of the debate is very likely to change in ways not yet anticipated by the present participants. 

Chranleal Manufacturers Association cost-benefit analysis, position, 170 cost-effectiveness requirement of Executive Order 12991, support, 171... 

Any form of exclusive marketing may have negative consequences, such as noncompetitive pricing. To date, however, there has been insufficient experience with the implementation of the statute to judge whether an optimal be benefit-cost balance has been attained. It is clear, nonetheless, that these incentives have been highly successful in contributing to the development and approval of orphan drugs that would not otherwise have been developed. Thus, in the FDA s view, the essential benefit-cost considerations of Executive Order 12291 have been satisfied in favor of the rule as here published. 

It all boils down to one point - it is a huge challenge for executives to reach the whole production organization in order not only to achieve sustainable impact fast, but also to really initiate continuous improvements. It is becoming more and more crucial to avoid tradeoffs between speed and sustainability and to achieve both in parallel. The benefits to the successful organizations that figure out how to execute such programs are still very substantial. 

Order execution consists of steps to process an order to achieve the final outcome. As noted earlier, this may involve a combination of an automated system, workstations, or manual operations. Management should include information services (IS) applications for all automated systems and workstations. Recording activities is necessary even with manual operations thus an IS application provides great benefit. An execution application should interface with other IS systems in compound management to handle job information and update progress in real time via a defined interfacing mechanism. However, the execution application should accurately perform the tasks independently, not as part of an inventory or order administration system to minimize the impacts of any execution system changes on the business process and the IS systems. 

Several propositions are implicit in the SRI and other studies but need to be emphasized. In order to be of benefit, civilian research and development must serve the purposes of industry as well as government. Its conduct and outcome are shaped by the values, interests and professional perspectives of all of the participants. Some of these interests may be crosscutting for example, program directors and industry executives are likely to be concerned with end results, researchers and engineers with technical sophistication and success. 

The assumption that the flows in the network are in a continuously evolving steady state brings the benefit that the model is rendered much less stiff thereby. Furthermore, the resulting simultaneous equations may be solved explicity in simple flow networks. In more complex networks, however, the resulting set of nonlinear, simultaneous equations requires a more sophisticated approach in order to bring about the desired savings in model execution time. This chapter considers both... 

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