Events composite

As a special case there is pervaporation, in which the feed material is a liquid, but the permeate becomes a gas or vapor. That is, the temperature and pressure of the permeate produced are such that the permeate product will exist in the gaseous or vapor phase. Conceivably and conversely, the feed stream could be a gas but the permeate conditions would be such that the components selectively obtained would constitute a liquid phase. In any event, compositional phase changes (e.g., flash vaporizations) can affect the outcome. 

Event objects can be composed of several other Event objects through event-Composition recursive aggregation. Therefore, complex treatments can be described in terms of simpler treatments, and it is not necessary for each simple Event object to introduce a new Biomaterial class object representing a biomaterial state after that simple Event and before other successive Events. 

We divide composition rules into two distinct formalisms that are state composition rules and event composition automata. With state composition rules... 

Transferring these properties to composition rules, we are able to specify both safety and liveness properties. Safety properties can be specified (1) by means of state composition rules in terms of forbidden state combinations of the parallel execution and (2) by means of event composition automata by adding further time constraints to time guards of selected transitions. Liveness properties in turn can be specified through state composition rules and event composition automata by adding further time constraints to location invariants of location combinations of the parallel execution. 

Event composition automata synchronize the parallelly executed role automata on the basis of events and event sequence by adding further timing constraints to the parallel execution. 

Semantically, an event composition automaton only observes event occurrences of the given role automata. Consequently, only those events can be used in an event composition automaton, as others can never be observed. Additionally, the set of clocks of the event composition automaton is restricted to be disjoint to the set of clocks of the role automata. This way, it is guaranteed that the event composition automaton cannot widen the time intervals of event sequences of the automata to be synchronized. This in turn guarantees that all verified deadlines of the role automata can still be met and, therefore, that all verified safety properties of the role automata are preserved (see section 6). 

Once in ec registeredConvoy, ecai changes its location only on the occurrence of the event unregister , as in this situation the monitoring has to be started once more from the initial location. In all other situations, the component does not change its state of being registered and therefore this event composition rule does not have to add any further constraints. 

The synthesis algorithm is divided into four distinct steps (see Figure 7). First, the parallel composition of the role automata is computed, which forms an explicit model for the parallel execution of the pattern role automata. On this parallelly composed timed automaton the composition rules are applied, by removing the forbidden system states specified by the state composition rules and by including the specified event composition automata in the parallelly composed... 

Similar to the parallel composition used for the parallel execution of the role automata, applying event composition automata can also be compared to the parallel composition operator of the process algebra Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS) [9] or the networks of timed automata formalism defined in [21]. Here, the resulting automaton is a composition of the event composition automaton and the parallel composition of the role automata. 

The fundamental difference is that for the event composition automaton application only synchronization of events is taken into account, as event composition automata do not define any new event occurrences for the parallel execution. Furthermore, these synchronizations do not take the channel concept into account, which means that a sending event is synchronized with a sending event and also results in a sending event. This also holds for receiving events and originates from the fact that the event composition automaton only observes the event... 

In the resulting automaton the additional time guards, clock resets and location invariants of the event composition automaton are added to the composed locations and synchronized transitions as defined in the following. 

To exemplify this, we apply the event composition automaton eco2 to the parallel composition of the simphfied rear role and registree role automaton, where the state composition rule ri has already been applied (Figure 9). This results in the timed automaton depicted in figure 10. Note that every location of this automaton refers to both the locations of the role automata as well as the locations of the event composition automaton ecai. Furthermore, observe that those composed locations which are not reachable from the initial composed location [noConvoy, unregistered, ec-initial) are omitted. 

Fig. 10. Event Composition Rule eca2 Applied to the Timed Automaton Depicted in Figure 9...

It is well known that proliferation or differentiation of nerve or muscle tissue can be enhanced by electrical stimulation, which is in part attributed to the propagation of action potentials upon stimulation. To exploit these physiological events, composites of biodegradable polymers with electroconduc-tive materials have been investigated for effective transmission of electrical signals to the cells cultured on them. PLCL and polyaniline, one of the widely used electrically conductive materials, were mixed to fabricate the nanofiber meshes, illustrating that myotube formation was accelerated when the myoblasts were cultured on polyaniline-containing nanofibers compared to that of PLCL-only nanofibers, even without electrical stimulation (Jun et ah, 2009). Another electroconductive polymer, polypyrrole, was also used as a composite with other synthetic polymers. For example, polypyrrole was incorporated as particles into polylactide scaffolds, and the fibroblasts cultured on them with various intensities of DC current showed controlled proliferation in a current-dependent manner (Shi et al., 2004). 

Item (2) requires that each event in the addition process be independent of all others. We have consistently assumed this throughout this chapter, beginning with the copolymer composition equation. Until now we have said nothing about testing this assumption. Consideration of copolymer sequence lengths offers this possibility. 

The above treatment is predicated on the assumption that the kinetic energies of the photoelectrons from atoms A and B are close in energy. In the event that this assumption does not hold, then all of the instmmental parameters do not cancel for these equations, and the situation is more complex. An alternative strategy in this case is to compare the spectmm of the unknown matedal with a spectmm acquired under identical conditions of a pure standard reference matedal containing A and B that is close in suspected composition to the unknown. In this case. 

The economic importance of an ore deposit itself is largely affected by mineral or metal prices. Mine closures and reopenings are a common event in the mineral iadustry for this reason. Economics can also be affected by the ore composition, for example, by unacceptable levels of penalty elements ia the ore. The assessment of overall economics of exploiting a given ore deposit is similar to that for any large-scale industry. The various cost components are those associated with equipment, labor, utiUties, contingencies, operation and production, transportation, working capital, suppHes, maintenance. 

---