Parallel composition

Fig. 10.5 The initial part of the parallel composition A of the automata R], Rz, R3 and the place automaton Pi.

Twins are intergrown crystals such that the crystallographic directions in one part are related to those in another part by reflection, rotation, or inversion through a center of symmetry across a twin boundary. Twinned crystals are often prized mineralogical specimens. When twins are in contact across a well-defined plane (which is not always so), the boundary is generally called the composition plane. The only twins that are considered here will be reflection twins, where the two related parts of the crystal are mirror images (Fig. 3.22). The mirror plane that relates the two components is called the twin plane. This is frequently, but not always, identical to the plane along which the two mirror-related parts of the crystal join, that is, the composition plane. Repeated parallel composition planes make up a polysynthetic twin (Fig. 3.23). 

AgreementMaker provides a combination strategy based on the linear interpolation of the similarity values. The weights can be either user assigned or evaluated through automatically determined quality measures. The system allows for serial and parallel composition where, respectively, the output of one or more methods can be used as input to another one, or several methods can be used on the same input and then combined. 

Our selection of ITL is based on a number of points. It is a flexible notation for both propositional and first-order reasoning about periods of time found in descriptions of hardware and software systems. Unlike most temporal logics, ITL can handle both sequential and parallel composition and offers powerful and extensible specifi-... 

The following is an analysis of VHDL and VHDL-AMS simulation cycles in terms of CSP. We show first that a VHDL model has the semantics of the synchronous parallel composition of the semantics for its component processes. In other words, the VHDL kernel can be eliminated by incorporating a local partial copy into each process as demontrated below. We then show that the VHDL-AMS model can be treated in a similar way. Each process model gets a copy of a fragment of the kernel plus a copy of the VHDL-AMS analog solver. 

The following subsections give the semantics for three kinds of statement wait scheduled assignment, and their sequential and parallel compositions. A process consists of a looped statement with at least one wait statement inside the loop. Parallelism is only one level deep in VHDL and in VHDL-AMS. 

The semantics of parallelism is also the same in both VHDL and VHDL-AMS (only processes can legally be placed in parallel, but for completeness we give a hypothetical semantics to parallelism at the statement level too). We have shown in Section 2 that models in both languages are composed of the synchronous parallel composition of models for the individual processes which communicate on the signal (and quantity) states and the simulation time. Intersection of relations is therefore an adequate representation ... 

The synthesis algorithm is divided into four distinct steps (see Figure 7). First, the parallel composition of the role automata is computed, which forms an explicit model for the parallel execution of the pattern role automata. On this parallelly composed timed automaton the composition rules are applied, by removing the forbidden system states specified by the state composition rules and by including the specified event composition automata in the parallelly composed... 

The application of a state composition rule results in a state composition conform timed automaton. This automaton originates from the parallel composition... 

Similar to the parallel composition used for the parallel execution of the role automata, applying event composition automata can also be compared to the parallel composition operator of the process algebra Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS) [9] or the networks of timed automata formalism defined in [21]. Here, the resulting automaton is a composition of the event composition automaton and the parallel composition of the role automata. 

To exemplify this, we apply the event composition automaton eco2 to the parallel composition of the simphfied rear role and registree role automaton, where the state composition rule ri has already been applied (Figure 9). This results in the timed automaton depicted in figure 10. Note that every location of this automaton refers to both the locations of the role automata as well as the locations of the event composition automaton ecai. Furthermore, observe that those composed locations which are not reachable from the initial composed location [noConvoy, unregistered, ec-initial) are omitted. 

If each zone location offers the required behavior, we also preserve all im-timed liveness properties of the role behaviors and, thus, the refined component behavior is a correct refinement of the parallel composition of the particular role behaviors . If this is not the case, one or more of the specified composition rules violate the externally visible behavior of at least one of the role behaviors. In this case the developer must either adapt the composition rules or go back to the specification of the corresponding real-time coordination patterns. 

Mechanical testing of compression molded MFCs from linear low density PE (LLDPE)/PET (Figure 11,11) with varying types of fibrillar orientation (parallel (0)2, crossplied (0/90), and random) shows differences in a and E of over 60 MPa and 1 GPa, respectively, between the principal parallel composite direction and the random or secondary parallel directions [45], This highlights the enormous contribution to mechanical properties made by the reinforcing fibrils, as well as the differences in isotropy achieved through various preparation techniques. 

Furukawa et aL [12] and Das Gupta and Abdullah [113] have studied the dieiectric dispersion in 0-3 potymer-ceramic composite. These authors found the dielectric absorp-tion to be dominated by the polymer, whereas the ceramic fdiase eras found to contribute to the electrical conductivity Sinha et al. [57.114] reported, however, the major cootri-bution to the cooductivily erf 0>3 composites to be due to the polymer rather than to the ceramic. In our opinkw, it is aelf-evi t that far parallel composite systems, DC coo duetkm, in geoersL, determines ceramic phases, and for series ones, the polymer phase. The 0 3 polymer-ceramic composiles are, however, statistical (chaotic) composites, and their DC conductivity and tan ft can be determined mainly in an experimental way (Figs. 7, 8, 12, and 22, for example). 

Process. An LNT process, whose the definition is included in listing 1.1, is an object that describe a behaviom, it can be parameterized by a list of formal gates, a list of formal variables and a list of formal exceptions. LNT allows to describe several behavioms such as sequential composition, non-deterministic assignment, conditional behaviom, non-deterministic choice and parallel composition. 

Parallel Composition. LNT processes can be combined in parallel and synchronized on gates with the par instruction. Parallel processes start execution... 

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