Evacuation systems, chlorine

Chlorine monoxide, ClgO, is a yellow gas obtained by gently heating hypochlorous acid in a partially evacuated system (that is, under reduced pressure) ... 

A. Characteristics of Sulfuric Acid. Besides its use in drying, sulfuric acid is the seal liquid for rotary compressors in evacuation systems and small-scale chlorine compression units (Section 9.1.6.2C). To be effective as a desiccant, it should have a concentration of at least 93% and preferably 96%. When higher strengths are used, the... 

Process connections to the dry evacuation system are at the chlorine drying towers, the compressor system (coolers and compressors), liquefaction (phase separators and liquefiers), and secondary recovery systems. When an emergency spare tank exists, it is held under constant vacuum to be ready to receive chlorine as needed. The evacuation system, as its name implies, is not intended for systems under substantial pressure. These should be vented down through the process for recovery of the chlorine whenever possible. After the pressure has been reduced to a certain level, the evacuation system can take over. 

Tail gas from liquefaction and chlorine from the plant evacuation system together with the snift compressor and stripper recycle streams are supplied to a snift compressor suction knock-out drum. The gas is compressed by the snift gas compressor to 7.0 kg/cm with a discharge temperature of 85 °C. 

Rainwater leaked into a room where hundreds of large cardboard drums of solid swimming pool chemicals were stored. The resulting explosion and fire set off a sprinkler system, soaking the remaining drums and spreading the fire. Explosions, fire, and chlorine releases lasted three days. Over 25,000 people were evacuated and 275 people went to the hospital with skin burns and respiratory problems. 

Preparation of Niobium(V) and Tantalum(V) Halides. The niobium(V) and tantalum (V) chloride and bromide were prepared in a system of sealed, evacuated bulbs by reacting the pure metal with gaseous halogen. For the chlorides the metal was maintained at 300° to 350° under a chlorine pressure of approximately 70 mm. of Hg the chlorine pressure was maintained By keeping the liquid chlorine immersed in a dry ice-acetone bath. For the bromides the metal was maintained at a temperature of 400° to 450° under a bromine pressure of approximately 250 mm. of Hg, maintained by leaving the liquid bromine at room temperature. 

Isopropylidine adenosine was converted to the p-toluene sulphonyl (tosyl) ester by reaction with tosyl chlorine solution, following the method of Clark et al. (1951) [J. Chem. Soc. 2952]. Because of its tendency to cyclization, the reagent was used directly it was ready. A reaction flask with separating funnels was set up in such a way that the whole system could be evacuated and filled with pure nitrogen two or three times, to eliminate all oxygen, and reagents could then be added when desired, in the closed system. 

The exact amount of sodium chlorite required to produce 0.1 g. of chlorine (IV) oxide is determined by analysis. The required amount (about 1.3 g.) of nearly pure, dry, powdered sodium chlorite is placed in a 1-1. flask. The flask is fitted with a chlorine-treated stopper f having inlet and outlet tubes equipped with stopcocks. The inlet tube should extend to the bottom of the flask. The flask is partially evacuated by means of a water pump. The resulting vacuum is partially released with chlorine which is metered by using a chlorine-saturated sodium chloride solution as a metering fluid. Chlorine is used in an amount approximately 100% in excess of the theoretical requirements. The system is then returned to atmospheric pressure by... 

After evacuating the sampling system, the entire metal line from the valve on the tank to valve B is passivated for 30 minutes with about 1 atm. of chlorine trifluoride vapor. The passivating gas is then condensed into... 

There are two kinds of chamber, lype A is recommended for continuous supply pipelines and should be installed at the high point of a system. The rupture disc is set for about 2,750 kPa, and it can be changed without shutdown of the pipeline supply. The secondary chamber in such a case must be purged of chlorine and evacuated. The primary chamber can be emptied of chlorine by displacement with dry air or nitrogen. This should be done periodically as needed the same is true of a Type B chamber. 

Officials at Pioneer Chlor Alkali Co., Inc. near Henderson, Nevada, investigated an accidental chlorine leak early one morning. The chlorine gas leak was detected by the air monitoring system about 1 10 a.m. and the 10 employees working at the time were evacuated by 2 30 a.m. As a precaution, many residents were evacuated until the chlorine gas dissipated later... 

The selection of liquid sodium hypochlorite rather than chlorine gas is often based on actual or potential costs to address safety issues. The Uniform Fire Code and (DSHA requirements often increase the cost of using chlorine gas. Depending on a number of factors, gas containment and neutralization scrubbers may be needed. Also, there may be limits to storage inventory that require more frequent deliveries. Extensive emergency response plans may include elaborate evacuation plans and alert systems. 

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