Single market

North America accounts for about 38% of the worldwide hydrogen fluoride production and 52% of the captive aluminum fluoride production. Table 6 (38) summarizes North American capacity for hydrogen fluoride as weU as this captive capacity for aluminum fluoride production. In North America, HF is produced in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, but represents a single market, as weU over 90% of the consumption is in the United States. 

Amino resins are manufactured throughout the industrialized world to provide a wide variety of useful products. Adhesives (qv), representing the largest single market, are used to make plywood, chipboard, and sawdust board. Other types are used to make laminated wood beams, parquet flooring, and for furniture assembly (see Wood-BASED composites and laminates). 

The largest single market is the United States at approximately 40,000 t. Europe as a whole is approximately two and a half times greater than the United States mainly because of the extensive use of chlorinated paraffins as secondary plasticizers in plasticized PVC, which is virtually absent in the United States. 

European Commission (1998), Commission Communication on the Single Market in Pharmaceuticals, 25 November, Brussels Directorate General III -Industry. 

The article by Rovira10 stands out for the clarity of its ideas. It sets out an up-to-date description of the pharmaceutical industry and the Spanish market before and after the single market, and its chief merit is its suggestions for a common strategy for the EU. The diagnosis focuses on three points the need for different policies for innovative and non-innovative products, the importance of expected benefits as an incentive for innovation and the existence of conflicts of objectives at national level and between national and EU interests, the solution of which requires compromises of different sorts. 

The Notification of New Substances scheme set out in Directive 92/32/EEC, which is designed to protect people and the environment from the possible harmful effects of new substances and to create a single market, is described. Methods for making notification easier, quicker and cheaper are considered. The determination of test requirements is discussed and the Read Across and Family Approach strategies for test reduction are outlined. 

The students identified the best competitive strategy for the product and company is to focus on a single market segment (Fig. 12.5-2) and avoid direct... 

The European Commission represents the 25 members of the EU. The Commission is working, through harmonization of technical requirements and procedures, to achieve a single market in pharmaceuticals, which would allow free movement of products throughout the EU. 

Besides the critical measures mentioned above, it has to be kept in mind that other community activities have counterproductive effects on air quality. The European Single Market has fostered growth of mobility, with side effects. The objective of the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T22) is to make traffic efficient and safe, but it has been shown that they bring about additional traffic with negative ecological consequences. 

Harmonization of regulatory requirements was pioneered by the European Community (now the European Union) in the 1980s, as it moved towards the development of a single market for pharmaceuticals. The success achieved in Europe demonstrated that harmonization was feasible. The harmonization process was then extended to include Japan and the United States. The ICH was formed from a government body and an industry association from each of these regions. These bodies and associations as listed by Molzon (2006) are ... 

Majone, Giandomenico (1995) Mutual trust, credible commitments and the evolution of the rules of the single market. EUI Working Paper RSC 95/1, EUI, Florence. 

This would apply to product restrictions or licensing schemes that do not significantly affect the functioning of the single market, for example, processes and products authorised for water treatment processes (e.g., [487]). 

Impact on Manufacturing Chemicals, The Single Market Review Subseries, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, CEC, Luxembourg, 1997, 1, 5. 

Commission Communication on Environmental Taxes and Charges in the Single Market 97 1C 224/04, Official Journal of the European Communities, CEC, 1997, No.C. 224/6. 

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