DNA eukaryotic

Eig. 5. Restriction map of the yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) vector used for cloning very large fragments of eukaryotic DNA. Terms defined in text... 

There is one nncleosome for every 200 bp of eukaryotic DNA. How many nncleosomes are in a diploid human cell Nncleosomes... 

Eukaryotic DNA that is in an active region of chromatin can be transcribed. As in prokaryotic cells, a... 

In Z-DNA, guanine residues are syn, whereas cytosine and thymine residues are anti. Eukaryotic DNA contains several alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences consistent with die Z-DNA conformation however, the biologic significance of Z-DNA is still unclear. 

The RNA oligonucleotides are complementary to a sequence on one of the strands of the DNA template and base pair with a portion of the DNA molecule. Subsequently, deoxyribonucleotides are covalently attached to the RNA primer. The synthesis of the primer itself is catalyzed by a special RNA polymerase called primase. Similar RNA polymerase-like enzymes are used to prime the synthesis of certain viral DNAs and eukaryotic DNA. 

Eukaryotic chromosomes, unlike their bacterial counterparts, are linear rather than- circular. Since RNA oligonucleotides prime both prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA synthesis, the 5 termini of the daughter... 

Zinc, in addition to its use as a Lewis acid in enzyme catalysis, plays a structural role in stabilizing protein molecules. It is also involved in a characteristic motif, termed zinc finger, in a number of eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins (that regulate the transcription of DNA into RNA), first described by Aaron Klug. 

Conserved catalytic (adenylation) domain in NAD-dependent (bacterial) and ATP-dependent (archaeal-eukaryotic) DNA ligases (Aravind and Koonin, 1999) Conserved nucleotide joining-cleaving domain in type I and II topoisomerases, DnaG-type primases, OLD nucleases, and RecR (Toprim domain) (Aravind et al, 1998b)... 

Erard M, Lakhdar-Ghazal F, Amalric F (1990) Repeat peptide motifs which contain beta-turns and modulate DNA condensation in chromatin. Eur J Biochem 191 19—26 Erard MS, Belenguer P, Caizergues-Ferrer M, Pantaloni A, Amalric F (1988) A major nucleolar protein, nucleolin, induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone HI. Eur J Biochem 175 525—530 Falaschi A (2000) Eukaryotic DNA replication a model for a fixed double replisome. Trends Genet 16 88-92... 

DePamphilis ML (2003) The ORC cycle a novel pathway for regulating eukaryotic DNA replication. Gene 310 1-15... 

In eukaryotes, DNA is generally double-stranded (dsDNA) and RNA is generally single-stranded (ssRNA). Exceptions occur in certain viruses, some of which have ssDNA genomes and wime of which have dsRNA genomes.. ... 

Figure 1. Hierarchical structure of eukaryotic DNA. Each DNA molecule is packed into a mitotic chromosome that is 1/50,000 shorter than its extended length. (Adapted with permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd. [25], copyright 2003).

D. M. Gilbert, Making sense of eukaryotic DNA replication origins. Science 294, 96—100 (2001). 

D. Coverley, and R. A. Laskey, Regulation of eukaryotic DNA replication. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 

In eukaryotes, DNA methylation is important in regulation of gene function. The predominant prodnct of methylation in the DNA of vertebrates is 5-methylcytosine. This methylated base is found largely in CG dinucleotides in palindromic sequences. These may occur in control regions upstream of transcribed DNA sequences. There is considerable evidence to strongly suggest that DNA methylation in vertebrates turns off gene expression. 

In multicellular eukaryotes, DNA methylation is associated with transcriptional silencing [3]. In these organisms, DNA methylation has been observed exclusively on the C5 position of the cytosine ring and is frequently found in CpG-rich regions. This process is attributed to the action of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), which utilize the cofactor, S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Approximately half of all human genes have CpG islands in their promoter regions but these stretches of DNA are typically... 

Eukaryotic DNA contains sequences recognized as termination signals in E. coli, resulting in premature termination of transcription and a truncated protein. Also, there are differences in codon preference affecting translation, which may ultimately... 

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