Eukaryote DNA replication

Erard M, Lakhdar-Ghazal F, Amalric F (1990) Repeat peptide motifs which contain beta-turns and modulate DNA condensation in chromatin. Eur J Biochem 191 19—26 Erard MS, Belenguer P, Caizergues-Ferrer M, Pantaloni A, Amalric F (1988) A major nucleolar protein, nucleolin, induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone HI. Eur J Biochem 175 525—530 Falaschi A (2000) Eukaryotic DNA replication a model for a fixed double replisome. Trends Genet 16 88-92... 

DePamphilis ML (2003) The ORC cycle a novel pathway for regulating eukaryotic DNA replication. Gene 310 1-15... 

D. M. Gilbert, Making sense of eukaryotic DNA replication origins. Science 294, 96—100 (2001). 

D. Coverley, and R. A. Laskey, Regulation of eukaryotic DNA replication. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 

E. Eukaryotic DNA replication is similar to that of prokaryotes but more complex in scale, and the process is coordinated with the cell cycle. 

D. M. Gilbert (2001). Making sense of eukaryotic DNA replication origins. Science 294 96-99. T. D. Gootz (1985). Determinants of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Annu. Rep. Med. Chem. 20 137-144. 

Two other protein complexes also function in eukaryotic DNA replication. RPA (replication protein A) is a eukaryotic single-stranded DNA-binding protein, equivalent in function to the E. coli SSB protein. RFC (replication/actor (J) is a clamp loader for PCNA and facilitates the assembly of active replication complexes. The subunits of the RFC complex have significant sequence similarity to the subunits of the bacterial clamploading (y) complex. 

A good summary of recent advances in the understanding of how eukaryotic DNA replication is initiated. 

The process of eukaryotic DNA replication closely follows that of prokaryotic DNA synthesis. Some differences, such as the multiple origins of replication in eukaryotic cells versus single origins of replication in prokaryotes, have already been discussed. Eukaryotic single-stranded DNA-binding proteins and ATP-dependent DNA helicases have been identified, whose functions are analogous to those of the prokaryotic enzymes previously discussed. In contrast, RNA primers are removed by RNase H. 

Figure 11.6 Multiple origin of replication forks in eukaryotic DNA replication. Termination of replication occurs where two growth forks come together.

Da-Silva LF, Duncker BP. ORC function in late Gl maintaining the license for DNA replication. Cell Cycle 2007 6 128-130. DePamphilis ML. The ORC cycle a novel pathway for regulating eukaryotic DNA replication. Gene 2003 310 1-15. 

Walter J, Newport J. Initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication origin unwinding and sequential chromatin association of Cdc45, RPA, and DNA polymerase alpha. Mol. Cell 2000 5 617-627. Zou L, Stillman B. Assembly of a complex containing Cdc45p, replication protein A, and Mcm2p at replication origins controlled... 

In archaebacteria, the first studies on DNA polymerases and DNA replication have shown that aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA replication, also... 

How does this process appear to differ from eukaryotic DNA replication ... 

The biological significance of DNA methylation in prokaryotes is now fairly clear, but its importance in eukaryotes has not yet been defined. What is known, however, is that methylation at a particular site is a heritable phenomenon. That is, when eukaryotic DNA replicates, a maintenance methylase ensures that all of the sites that were methylated in parental DNA are methylated in daughter DNA. The process is shown in Figure 25.3a. 

See also Molecular Control of the Cell Cycle, Eukaryotic DNA Replication, Apoptosis... 

DNA synthesis occurs by the process of replication. During replication, each of the two parental strands of DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand. Thus, each DNA molecule generated by the replication process contains one intact parental strand and one newly synthesized strand (Fig. 13.1). In eukaryotes, DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle, which is followed by the G2 phase. The cell divides during the next phase (M), and each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the DNA of the parent cell. 

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