Nitric acid ethyl nitrate

Salpetersaure. /. nitric acid, -anhydrid, n. nitric anhydride, (di)nitrogen pentoxide, nitrogen(V) oxide, -ather, m. nitric ether (ethyl nitrate), -bad, n. nitric acid bath, -dampf, m. nitric acid vapor or fume. 

The 0 -(p-nltrophenyl)-a-ethyl-glutarimide starting material can be prepared as follows 217 g of 0 -phenyl-a-ethyl-glutarimlde are dissolved in 800 g of concentrated sulfuric acid with subsequent cooling to about -10°C and nitration Is carried out at -10°to -f10°C by slow addition of a mixed acid consisting of 110 g of concentrated suifuric acid and 110 g of 63% nitric acid. The nitration solution is stirred into ice, the separated nitro compound taken up in methylene or ethylene chloride, the solution washed with water and sodium carbonate solution until... 

A variety of solvents, monomers, medicines, perfumes, and explosives are made from esters of nitric acid. Ethyl acetate, //-butyl acetate, iso-butyl acetate, glycerol trinitrate, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), glycol dinitrate, and cellulose nitrate are examples of such reactions. 

Ethyl nitrate, with other names of ethanol nitrate ester and nitric acid ethyl ester, is a transparent oily liquid with a slight sweetish odor. It can be dissolved into water and be miscible with alcohols and most other organic reagents. It also can dissolve cellulose nitrate. 

Ingold and his co-workers used the competitive method in their experiments, in which nitration was brought about in acetic anhydride. Typically, the reaction solutions in these experiments contained o-8-I 4 mol of nitric acid, and the reaction time, depending on the reactivities of the compounds and the temperature, was 0-5-10 h. Results were obtained for the reactivities of toluene, > ethyl benzoate, the halogenobenzenes, ethyl phenyl acetate and benzyl chloride. Some of these and some later results are summarized in table 5.2. Results for the halogenobenzenes and nitrobiphenyls are discussed later ( 9.1.4, lo.i), and those for a series of benzylic compounds in 5,3.4. 

Acid—Base Chemistry. Acetic acid dissociates in water, pK = 4.76 at 25°C. It is a mild acid which can be used for analysis of bases too weak to detect in water (26). It readily neutralizes the ordinary hydroxides of the alkaU metals and the alkaline earths to form the corresponding acetates. When the cmde material pyroligneous acid is neutralized with limestone or magnesia the commercial acetate of lime or acetate of magnesia is obtained (7). Acetic acid accepts protons only from the strongest acids such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Other acids exhibit very powerful, superacid properties in acetic acid solutions and are thus useful catalysts for esterifications of olefins and alcohols (27). Nitrations conducted in acetic acid solvent are effected because of the formation of the nitronium ion, NO Hexamethylenetetramine [100-97-0] may be nitrated in acetic acid solvent to yield the explosive cycl o trim ethyl en etrin itram in e [121 -82-4] also known as cyclonit or RDX. 

Bromobenzaldehyde has been prepared by the oxidation of -bromotoluene with chromyl chloride/ by saponification of the acetal from />-bromophenylmagnesium bromide and orthoformic ester/ by the oxidation of ethyl -bromobenzyl ether with nitric acid/ by the oxidation of /j-bromobenzyl bromide with lead nitrate/ and by the hydrolysis of i-bromobenzal bromide in the presence of calcium carbonate. ... 

It is prepd by the action of methylamine on 4-chloro-l-nitrobenzene (Ref 5) by the action of methyl iodide (Ref 6), or methyl sulfate on 4-nit roaniline (Ref 7) or by the hydrolysis of 4-nitro-N-methylformanilide with hot coned aq HC1 (Ref 8). In a study of the effect of nitric acid concn on the prods of the nitration of N,N-dimethylaniline to form Tetryl, it was isolated in low yield by the action of nitric acid, d 1.046g/cc, plus Na nitrite on N,N-dimethylaniline (Ref 10). A eutectic mixt with N-ethyl-4-nitroaniline has been patented as a stabilizer for NC (Ref 12). Studies at NPF indicate that 4-nitro-N-methyl-aniline is superior to Centralite, 2-nitrodiphenyl-amine, or Acardite in stabilizing. NC Refs 1) Beil 12, 586, (295) 1125 ... 

A homogeneous mixture of diethyl ether and nitric acid decomposes vigorously after a latency period during which the medium splits into two liquid phases. One of them was attributed to the formation of ethyl nitrate, which is unstable. 

Interaction of ether with anhydrous nitric acid to produce ethyl nitrate may proceed explosively [1], and in presence of cone, sulfuric acid, ether and cone, nitric acid explode violently [2],... 

A. Dinitrodurene.—A solution of 13.4 g. (0.1 mole) (Notes 1,2) of durene (p. 32) in 100 cc. of chloroform is added to 75 cc. of concentrated sulfuric acid in an 800-cc. beaker provided with a thermometer and an efficient mechanical stirrer. The mixture is cooled to io°, and 16 g. (10.7 cc.) of fuming nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.5) (Note 3) is added drop by drop, with stirring, from a 125-cc. separatory funnel, the mixture being cooled in an ice-salt bath and the nitric acid added at such a rate that the temperature does not rise above 50° (about fifteen minutes is required for the addition). As soon as all the acid has been added the mixture is poured into a separatory funnel, the sulfuric acid layer is removed and the upper chloroform layer is immediately (Note 4) run into 500 cc. of 10 per cent sodium carbonate solution. The sulfuric acid layer is discarded because it contains very little dinitrodurene. Four portions are nitrated and the combined chloroform solutions are washed twice with 2.5 per cent sodium carbonate solution, dried over night with 30 g. of anhydrous calcium chloride, filtered, and the chloroform distilled off until crystals of dinitrodurene begin to appear. At this point four times the volume of hot 95 per cent ethyl alcohol is added (about... 

Acyclic ADC compounds, which are more correctly named as derivatives of diazene, are generally prepared from hydrazine derivatives. For example, diethyl azodicarboxylate (Chemical Abstracts name diethyl diazene-1,2-dicarboxylate)5 is prepared from hydrazine by treatment with ethyl chloro-formate followed by oxidation with chlorine in benzene-water.6 Other oxidants which have been used include JV-bromosuccinimide,7 nitric acid,8 inorganic nitrates,9 potassium dichromate,10 silver carbonate on celite,11 and phenyl iodosotrifluoroacetate.12 The hydrazine derivative may also be... 

Ethyl sulfate Flammable liquids Fluorine Formamide Freon 113 Glycerol Oxidizing materials, water Ammonium nitrate, chromic acid, the halogens, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid Isolate from everything only lead and nickel resist prolonged attack Iodine, pyridine, sulfur trioxide Aluminum, barium, lithium, samarium, NaK alloy, titanium Acetic anhydride, hypochlorites, chromium(VI) oxide, perchlorates, alkali peroxides, sodium hydride... 

When ethyl nitrate is rapidly heated, for example in a flame, it decomposes explosively it belongs to the same class of substances as nitroglycerine. Precautions should therefore be taken. Under the conditions employed ethyl alcohol is not oxidised by pure nitric acid but merely esterified. Oxidation sets in immediately if traces of nitrous acid are present. Since the nitric oxide which is thus produced from the nitrous acid is at once oxidised to NOz by the nitric acid, the oxidation, which is initially slight, becomes progressively greater, its velocity... 

Nitroaniline Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, 2314 Nitronium perchlorate, 1,2-Epoxides, 4028 2.2 -Oxybis(ethyl nitrate), 3260 Sodium nitrate, Phenol, Trifluoroacetic acid, 4721 See also NITRATING AGENTS... 

Jacquemart s reagent analy chem Analytical reagent used to test for ethyl alcohol consists of an aqueous solution of mercuric nitrate and nitric acid. zhak marz re,a- 3nt ... 

Photolytic. Products identified from the photoirradiation of 1-butene with nitrogen dioxide in air are epoxybutane, 2-butanone, propanal, ethanol, ethyl nitrate, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methanol, and nitric acid (Takeuchi et ah, 1983). 

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