Ethanolamine, mono

Dow Chemieal Company (1999) Material Safety Data Sheet Diethanolamine, Midland, MI Dutertre-Catella, H., Lieh, N.R, Huyen, VN. Truhaut, R. (1982) Comparative study of skin and eye irritation by ethanolamines (mono, di, tri and poly). Arch. mal. prof, 43, 455 60 Eisen, E.A., Tolbert, RE., Monson, R.R. Smith, T.J. (1992) Mortality studies of maehining fluid exposure in the automobile industry. I A standardized mortality ratio analysis. Am. J. ind. Med., 22, 809-824... 

Commercial production of ethanolamines (EOA) is by reaction of ethylene oxide with aqueous ammonia. The ethylene oxide reacts exothermically with 20% to 30% aqueous ammonia at 60 to 150°C and 30 to 150 bar in a tubular reactor to form the three possible ethanolamines (mono-ethanolamine - MEA, di-ethanolamine - DEA and tri-ethanolamine - TEA) with high selectivity. The product stream is then cooled before entering the first distillation column where any excess ammonia is removed overhead and recycled. In the second column, ammonia and water are removed and the EOA s are separated in a series of vacuum distillation columns. 

Ethylene oxide reacts exothermically with 20 to 30 percent aqueous ammonia at 60 to 150°C and 30 to 150 bar in a tubular reactor to form the three possible ethanolamines (mono-ethanolamine MEA, di-ethanolamine DEA and tri-ethanolamine TEA) with high selectivity. 

Let us now consider the following reaction in which several ethanolamines (mono-, di-, and tri-)... 

Catbon dioxide and hydrogen sulflde Ethanolamine Mono- or diethanolamine in water... 

The ethanolamines (mono, di, and tri) have been recommended as a solvent for MF by Majrich (200 g MF/100 g monoethanolamine at 25 °C, 40 g MF/100 g diethanolamine at 30 °C, and 28 g MF/100 g triethanolamine at 30 °C). The MF, however, rapidly decomposes with heat liberation and it is therefore recommended to keep the solution below 30 °C. The MF is precipitated back by pouring the solution into water or by diluting it with acid. The precipitate forms as a white powder [15]. MF is further soluble in many other solvents, e.g., aqueous potassium iodide or potassium thiocyanide. 

Ethanolamine (Mono) Ethyl Acetate Ethyl Benzene Ethyl Bromide Eihyiceliulose Ethyl Chloride Ethyl Salicylate Ethylene (Gas) Ethylene Oibromide... 

Ethanolamines. Mono-, di-, and triethanolamines are best separated in an ethyl acetate-methanol-ammonia (12 4 1) mixture. The values are strongly dependent on the temperature, increasing with the latter, but they can be regulated by changing the methanol content in the mobile phase. The addition of methanol increases these values, while a decrease in methanol... 

In [75,76], a method of decomposition of polyurethane rigid foams is described, using EG, DEG, and polyoxypropylenated pentaerythritol (with a hydroxyl number of 170 mg KOH/g) mixed with ethanolamines (mono-, di- and triethanolamine). Various salts of metals, such as tin, iron, sodium, potassium, zinc, calcium, copper, and cobalt were used as catalysts. The process products can be used as raw materials for the production of polyurethane plastics. 

GirhotolAmine Process. This process developed by the Girdler Corporation is similar in operation to the alkali carbonate processes. However, it uses aqueous solutions of an ethanolamine, ie, either mono-, di-, or triethanolamine. The operation of the Girbotol process depends on the reversible nature of the reaction of CO2 with monoetbanolamine [141-43-5] to form monoethanolamine carbonate [21829-52-7]. 

SolubiHty of carbon dioxide in ethanolamines is affected by temperature, amine solution strength, and carbon dioxide partial pressure. Information on the performance of amines is available in the Hterature and from amine manufacturers. Values for the solubiHty of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide mixtures in monoethanolamine and for the solubiHty of carbon dioxide in diethanolamine are given (36,37). SolubiHty of carbon dioxide in monoethanolamine is provided (38). The effects of catalysts have been studied to improve the activity of amines and provide absorption data for carbon dioxide in both mono- and diethanolamine solutions with and without sodium arsenite as a catalyst (39). Absorption kinetics over a range of contact times for carbon dioxide in monoethanolamine have also been investigated (40). 

Corti and Manfrida [2] have also done detailed calculations of the performance of plant A2. They drew attention to the need to optimise the amines blend (including species such as di-ethanolamine and mono-ethanolamine) in the absorption process, if a removal efficiency of 80% is to be achieved and in order to reduce the heat required for regenerating the scrubbing solution. Their initial estimates of the penalty on efficiency are comparable to those of Chiesa and Consonni (about 6% compared with the basic CCGT plant) but they emphasise that recirculation of water from... 

Neutralization agents may be caustic soda (predominantly), ammonia, mono-ethanolamine, and triethanolamine. Examples of reaction equations are as follows ... 

Whereas silylation-amination of 2-amino-5,8-dihydroxypyrimido[4,5-d]pyridazine 269 with 3-amino-l-propanol, HMDS 2, and TsOH affords, after 24 h at 120-140 °C, the mono-8-hydroxypropylamino derivative 270 in 50% yield [79], reaction of 269 with a shght excess of ethanolamine and HMDS 2 provides, after 30 h at 120-150°C, only 20% of the bis(amino) product 271 [79]. (Scheme 4.31) A larger excess of ethanolamine and longer reaction times wiU certainly increase the yield of 271. 

Analogues of phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidic acid with pantoic acid skeleton were prepared by phosphorylation with the respective phosphoric mono-, bis-, and tristriazolide [17]... 

More complex hydrophilic moieties are sometimes encountered, however, such as mono-, di- and tri-ethanolamine and the corresponding isopropanolamines in anionic surfactants. Morpholine, once employed, is now obsolete owing to its toxicity. 

AMISOL A process for removing sulfur compounds and carbon dioxide from refinery streams by absorption in methanol containing mono- or di-ethanolamine and a proprietary additive. Developed by Lurgi, Germany, in the 1960s and first commercialized in the early 1970s. 

Hellwig J, Liberacki AB Evaluation of the pre-, peri-, and postnatal toxicity of mono-ethanolamine in rats following repeated oral administration during organogenesis. Fundam Appl Toxicol 40 158-162, 1997... 

Many single-chain amphiphiles form cubic phases when added to water in a given composition. Two of the most well known are didodecyl-phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and mono-olein. Figure 9.18 shows some idealized bicontinous cubic structures of the former, including typical inverse ones. This is also highly viscous and optically transparent as are most of the other cubic phases. 

Sun, J.D., Beskitt, J.L., Tallant, M.J. Frantz, S.W. (1996) In vitro skin penetration of mono-ethanolamine and diethanolamine using excised skin from rats, mice, rabbits, and humans. J. Toxicol- cut. ocular Toxicol, 15, 131-146... 

MONO- ETHANOLAMINE 2-Aminoethanol, beta-Amlnoethyl alcohol, Ethanolaiuine, 2-Hydroxy-ethylamine Corrosive Material, III 2 2 0... 

CO.NH.CH2.CH2.0NO2 mw 266.17, N 21.05% crysts (from HNOj), mp 148.2° was prepd by nitrating the parent compd with abs HNO3 for 3 hrs at 0°, or by nitroxylating mono-ethanolamine, converting the nitroxyethyl-ammonium nitrate to free base by cautiously addg KOH, and treating with.diamyl oxalate (Refs 1, 2 3)- This compd on nitration yields the powerful expl NENO Refs 1) Beil 4, 17091 2) R.S. Stuart 8c... 

Naoiim [68] has drawn attention to the nitric acid salts of ethanolamine nitric esters (O-nitrated etlianolamines), i.e. mono-, di- and triethanolamine nitrate salts, as substances suitable for explosives. Nitration of a mixture of all three ethanolamines furnishes an oil-like, insufficiently stable product, readily decomposed with the evolution of oxides of nitrogen. The individual substances are crystal products soluble in water, in which they are hydrolysed. e... 

Hansen, H.J.M. (1987). Comparative studies on lipid metabolism in various salt-transporting organs of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Mono-unsaturated phosphatidyl ethanolamine as a key substance. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 88B, 323-332. 

Urea can react with glycols to produce carbamate esters without formation of a C—N bond. Thus at 100-200°, urea and 1,3-butylene glycol yield the corresponding mono- and di-carbamates (1). Similarly, urea and ethanolamine produce 2-hydroxyethylurea without amination of the carbon skeleton (2). 

Mono- and triethanolamine are miscible with water or alcohol in all proportions and is only slightly soluble in ether. Diethanolamine will dissolve in water, is very soluble in alcohol, and is only slightly soluble in ether. All of the compounds are clear, viscous liquids at standard conditions and white crystalline solids when frozen. They have a relatively low toxicity. In early processes, the ethanolamines were manufactured by reacting ethylene chlorohydrin (C1CH2CH20H) with ammonia (NH3). Current processes... 

The organic deliquescents tried were ethylene glycol (EG), triethylene glycol (TEG), and mono-ethanolamine (MEA) The experimental runs made adding 5 wt% of EG, TEG, or MEA are presented in Table III. At 75% relative humidity, all three additives slightly decreased the Ca(0H)2 converted after 1 hour of reaction, when compared with the conversion of pure Ca(0H)2 at the same experimental conditions. 

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