Ethanol liquid, refractive index

In Eq. (88), dn0/dl expresses how the refractive index % of the binary solvent alone varies with its composition expressed as volume fraction 4>y of liquid-1. Clearly, if liquids 1 and 3 are iso-refractive or nearly so, then M = M2, that is, a LS experiment will yield the true molecular weight irrespective of the composition of the mixed solvent. This situation is exemplified133) by the system polystyrene -ethyl-acetate (l)-ethanol (3) for which the molecular weight in mixed solvents of different 0i is the same as that obtained in pure ethylacetate (Fig. 40). The values of dn /d0j for the mixed solvents are only of the very small order of ca. 0.01, whilst the values of dn/dc for the polymer solutions are large (ca. 0.22 ml/g). 

Colorless liquid burns with orange flame with green margin refractive index 1.5198 density 1.653 g/mL at 20°C insoluble in water slightly soluble in ethanol soluble in benzene, toluene, gasoline, and petroleum ether. 

Yellowish red oily liquid pungent penetrating odor fumes in air refractive index 1.670 at 20°C density 1.69 g/mL dipole moment 1.60 dielectric constant 4.9 at 22°C freezes at -77°C boils at 137°C reacts with water soluble in ethanol, benzene, ether, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride dissolves sulfur at ambient temperature (67 g/100 g sulfur chloride). 

A clear, yellow, volatile, inflammable liquid, with a fragrant odour. Incompatible with ethanol. Store in a cool place in airtight containers protect from light. Wt per ml 0.868 to 0.878 g. B.p. 96°. Refractive index 1.3871. 

A clear, colourless, somewhat viscous liquid. Wt per ml about 1.117 g. B.p. about 295°. Refractive index 1.500 to 1.505. Practically insoluble in water miscible with ethanol and ether. 

In this project, distinguishing properties of the 10 organic liquids should be observed (Part A) and unknowns subsequently identified (Part B) according to an SOP which I wrote for this. The properties are (1) water miscibility, (2) density, (3) viscosity, (4) refractive index, and (5) odor. The 10 organic liquids are acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, heptane, cyclohexane, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, butanol, and ethyl acetate. 

Xylose, xylitol, and ethanol were analyzed using LC-IOAD high-performance liquid chromatography (Shimadzu, Japan), equipped with an HPX-87H Aminex column (Bio-Rad) and a RID-IOA refractive index detector. The column was maintained at 55 °C and eluted with 5 mmol/L H2SO4 at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. 

Ethanol This is determined by oxidation with K2Cr207, followed by titration with Fe (NH4)2(S04)2 6H20-Mohr salt [13] and using a Waters high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), an ion exchange Shodex column, at 80°C, refraction index detection, at 34°C, elution with Milli-Q water, flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. All samples were analyzed using the titration method. HPLC was used to confirm the results obtained with the titration method. The two methods led to very similar results. 

Nitromethane (NM) is a colorless and transparent liquid explosive with aromatic odor, a relative density of 1.1376, boiling point of 101.2 °C, freezing point of —28.55 °C, flash point of 43 °C (open cup) and refractive index of 1.3818 °. It is soluble in water, ethanol and basic solution, and its aqueous solution is acidic. Nitromethane is miscible with many organic matters to form azeotrope liquid. Itself is a good solvent and can be thickened after a small amount of nitrocellulose is added. Additionally, concentrated acid can decompose into nitromethane into ammonia, hydroxylamine and carbon oxides. 

Nitrobutane is a colorless liquid. Its relative density is 0.971 with melting point of -81.0 °C, boiling point of 152-153 °C and refractive index of 1.430320. It can be soluble in most organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether and others. 

Rhodamine B or methylene blue are organic stains applicable to bentonite, a montmorillonite-rich rock commonly used in drilling muds and for other purposes. A few milligrams of the cement blend, for example, are immersed in the dye solution made by mixing 0.1% dye in ethanol the solution is allowed to dry around the particles which are then examined microscopically in liquids of known refractive index (Caveny, 1985). 

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) may be used for the simultaneous separation of ethanol and other wine constituents such as carbohydrates, glucose, fructose, and saccharose, coupled with either refractive index or Fourier transform infrared (Fl lR) detection. Ethanol may also be codetermined with other volatile compounds in wine by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. It is important to note that chromatographic methods for the analysis of ethanol are not suitable where accurate determinations are required. 

Resa, J. M. Gonzalez, C. Goenaga, J. M. Iglesias, M. Density, refractive index, and speed of sound at 298.15 K and vapor-liquid equUibria at 101.3 kPa for binary mixtures of ethyl acetate + 1-pentanol and ethanol + 2-methyl-1-propanol J. Chem. Eng. Data 2004,49, 804-808... 

Recently it has been observed that the thermal grating response of a nematic is unusually large. The property exploited is the temperature dependence of the refractive index. This effect has considerable history, where prior experiments used a solvent containing a dye, e.g., rhodamine 6G in ethanol. The optical energy is absorbed by the dye and then transferred to the solvent, resulting in a thermal grating and consequent index grating. The time constant of this process in ordinary liquids is of nanosecond order. 

C refractive index (20°C) 1.3524 density (20°C) 0.71 g/mL viscosity (20°C) 0.24 cP UV cutoff 215nm eluotropic strength (e ) on alumina—0.38, on silica—0.43 polarity index (PO 2.8 solubility in water (20°C) 6.9% water solubihty in ethyl acetate (20°C) 1.3%. Ethyl ether is a very common solvent used in hquid-liquid extraction because of the ease with which it can be ev orated. It is also used to a lesser degree in TLC and HPLC. Ethyl ether is prone to forming peroxides and is often preserved with ethanoL High volatility and flammability make special handling precautions necessary. 

Han, K.-J. Hwang, l.-C. Park, S.-J. Park, l.-H. Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium at 333.15 K, density, and refractive index at 298.15 K for the ternary mixture of dibutyl ether + ethanol + benzene and binary subsystems. J. Chem. Eng. Data 2007, 52, 1018-1024. 

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