Ethane 350 INDEX

Consumers can also negotiate with feedstock suppliers on upfront payments or payment terms under which they pay a higher price than the lowest market price at the trough, but pay lower prices when product prices spike. An interesting application of this is the potential for an ethane cracker operator to convert the economics of its cracker to those of a virtual naphtha cracker, by paying an integrated gas producer-processor a price for ethane indexed to naphtha-based ethylene production costs. 

Pentane and ethane (end products of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation, respectively) in expired air are useful markers of in vivo lipid peroxidation. Nevertheless, when gas chromatography is used to measure hydrocarbons, some technical difficulties may be experienced because chromatographic resolution of pentane from isoprene and isopentane is extremely difficult to achieve. Another possible problem could be the presence of these gases as contaminants in atmosphere. Furthermore, the production of hydrocarbon gases depends on the presence of metal ions to decompose lipid peroxides. If such ions are only available in limited amounts, this index may be inaccurate. 

Kovat s retention indexes analychem Procedure to identify compounds in gas chromatography the behavior of a compound Is Indicated by Its position on a scale of normal alkane values (for example, methane = 100, ethane = 200). ko-vats ri ten-... 

The 100 Most Important Chemical Compounds focuses on 100 compounds, but references several hundred compounds. Structures and formula for compounds other than the 100 are included in the entries and listed in the index. Repetition of information was kept to a minimum by including representative compounds or the simplest compound in a chemical family and highlighting chemical properties that distinguish chemical groups. For example, there are entries for methane, ethane, butane, and octane but other alkanes such as pentane, hexane, and heptane are not included. Most personal names in the book include years of birth and... 

C, 0H jqN, 204. A name given in CA 5th Decennial Formula Index, p 555F for the compd called by us as ft, ft - Bis(carboxymethyl)-adipic Acid Tetora-azide or Ethane-1,1,2,2-tetraacetic Acid Tetra-azide. See under Ethane-1,1,2,2-tetraacetic Acid... 

The thermal stability, structures and physical properties of various non-metal perchlorates (nitrosyl, nitronium, hydrazinium, ammonium, etc.) have been reviewed [1], Many organic perchlorates were examined for sensitivity to impact. The salts of cations containing only C, H and S exploded quite consistently, while those with C, H, and N, or C, H, N, and S did not explode, except 1,2-bis(ethylammonio)ethane diperchlorate [2]. See group and the individually indexed entries ... 

Runge Goldann (Ref 5) prepd by treating its tetrahydrazide (mp 230.5° with de compn) with Na N02 and HC1 at 8—10° Ethane-1,1,2,2-tetrocetic Acid Hydroxide, called 3,4-Bis[(azidoformyl)methyl]hexane diol Azide in CA 5th Decennial Formula Index, p 555F, N3OC.CH2.CH.CH2.CON3... 

N,N/-bis(2-cyano-4-nitrophenyl)-a, fi-diamino-ethane (Hartmans) or N,N -Ethylene-bis(5-nitToantbranilonitTile) (CA Index),... 

Over all of the products, the production cost is 7.19/GJ. This produces ethane at 373/t. However, if the natural gasoline is sold according to the prevailing crude oil price (assumed to be 70/bbl) then this will generate by-product credit of 556 million this is based on valuing the gasoline as naphtha with oil at 70/barrel. The basis of this oil price as a reference (index) price is discussed in the Appendix. This approach reduces the production costs and hence the unit ethane and LPG costs. The ethane production cost is 341/t. 

Z. analyt. Chem., 1961, 181, 351-366). For any column temperature and stationary phase, the elution times of members of a series of -paraffin homologues are assumed to increase by an index of 100 for each additional methylene unit. On this scale, has an index of zero, methane has an index of 100, ethane of 200, and so on up the scale of paraSins. This method produces a scale against which unknown substances are measured, and the variations in retention time, which are frequently very considerable, are obviated. The method is illustrated in Fig. 4, where phenobarbitone has a retention time of 4.5 minutes and a retention index of 1957. 

Compounds that have common names are listed under their common as well as their chemical names, but the reference entries may be made under either. For example, styphnic acid has the chemical name 2,4, 6-trinitroresorcinol, but the index entries are under styphnic acid with a cross reference to Resorcinol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, see Styphnic acid. On the other hand, the well-known insecticide DDT is listed with a "see reference to its chemical name and the reference entries are under the latter, "Ethane, l,l,l-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl). In general, it may be said to be the exception, not the rule, for the common name of a compound not to be listed. All names, common and chemical, are listed alphabetically. 

To calculate micelle size and diffusion coefficient, the viscosity and refractive index of the continuous phase must be known (equations 2 to 4). It was assumed that the fluid viscosity and refractive index were equal to those of the pure fluid (xenon or alkane) at the same temperature and pressure. We believe this approximation is valid since most of the dissolved AOT is associated with the micelles, thus the monomeric AOT concentration in the continuous phase is very small. The density of supercritical ethane at various pressures was obtained from interpolated values (2B.). Refractive indices were calculated from density values for ethane, propane and pentane using a semi-empirical Lorentz-Lorenz type relationship (25.) Viscosities of propane and ethane were calculated from the fluid density via an empirical relationship (30). Supercritical xenon densities were interpolated from tabulated values (21.) The Lorentz-Lorenz function (22) was used to calculate the xenon refractive indices. Viscosities of supercritical xenon (22)r liquid pentane, heptane, decane (21) r hexane and octane (22.) were obtained from previously determined values. 

The refractive index of the ethane/propane mixture, needed for calculation of the scattering vector, was determined from experimental density measurements and an empirical Lorentz-Lorenz relationship (12). Incorporating the errors from the viscosity and refractive index calculations into the Stokes-Einstein relation results in a maximum error in the hydrodynamic radius of approximately 5%. 

Example 2 illustrates how coordination by the two terminal primary amino groups of the ligand is indicated by placing the kappa index after the substituent group name and within the effect of the bis doubling prefix. The appearance of the simple index kN after the ethane-1,2-diamine indicates the binding by only one of the two equivalent secondary amino nitrogen atoms. 

Only one of the primary amines is coordinated in Example 3. This is indicated by not using the doubling prefix bis , repeating (2-aminoethyl), and inserting the k index only in the first such unit, i.e. (2-amino-K/V-ethyl). The involvement of both of the secondary ethane-1,2-diamine nitrogen atoms in chelation is indicated by the index k2N,N. ... 

Bis(tridentate) complexes (i.e. octahedral complexes containing two identical linear tridentate ligands) may exist in three stereoisomeric forms, and there will be more if the tridentate ligands do not themselves contain some symmetry elements. The three isomers of the simplest case are represented below (Examples 1, 2 and 3), along with their polyhedral symbols (Section IR-9.3.2.1) and configuration indexes (Section IR-9.3.3.4). Complexes of A-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine and iminodiacetate can be described by these diagrams. 

Jacobson, I. A., Jr. Decora, A. W. Cook G. L. "Retorting Indexes for Oil Shale Pyrolysis from Ethene/Ethane Ratios of Product Gases," in Science and Technology of Oil Shale, T. F. Yen, Ed. Ann Arbor Sciences Publishers Ann Arbor, MI, 1976 p. 103. 

The constitutive corrections should also be taken into consideration, as is done for all kinds of additive properties (e.g., in the case of molecular refraction). The value Q cni = 14 kcal is suitable for reactions in which no double bond is formed and broken, for example, in ethane hydrogenolysis. The value Q=cni =27 kcal refers to C bound by the double bond with the adjacent atoms C, N, and 0 in the molecule both inside and outside the index. This value should be used for the hydrogenation of the double bond as well as for dehydrogenation because the reverse reaction passes through the same intermediate state as the direct one. It is quite feasible that in the next approximation similar corrections for the double bond also for N, 0, and S atoms should be introduced. 

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