Estrus delay

Novotny M., Ma W., Zidek L. and Daev E. (1999). Recent biochemical insights into puberty acceleration, estrus induction, and puberty delay in the house mouse. In Advances in Chemical Signals in Vertebrates (Johnston R.L., Miiller-Schwarze D. and Sorenson P., eds.), pp. 99-116. 

Data suggestive of adverse reproductive effects after an assumed acute oral exposure to organophosphate ester hydraulic fluids are restricted to an observation of reduced lactation and delayed estrus with no coincident gross lesions in cows that ingested grass contaminated with Fyrquel 150 (Beck et al. 1977). 

Carpenter et al. 1959), and decreased lactation and delayed estrus in cows after oral ingestion of Fyrquel-150-contaminated plant tissue at unspecified dose levels (Beck et al. 1977). 

Rat (Sprague-Dawley) 14-50 ad lib (W) 502 (decreased testicular weights delayed vaginal opening and disruption of estrus cycling) Ronis etal. 1996 PbAc... 

Reduced food intake and efficiency of food use, altered iron metabolism, clinical signs of copper deficiency. Onset of puberty delayed 10 weeks, decreased conception rate (fertility 12-33% vs. 57-80% in controls), disrupted estrus cycle (67% were anestrus vs. 7% in controls), and other signs consistent with decreased releases of luteinizing hormones associated with altered ovarian secretion (3, 4) Growth and fertilization normal liver copper 10 mg/kg DW only 16% of embryos developed normally (2)... 

The list of pheromone controls on reproductive behavior can be extended female pheromones inhibit estrus in adult females and delay puberty in juvenile females, Lee-Boot effect male pheromones can block pregnancy, Bruce effect pheromones from dominant females can suppress reproduction in subordinate females and so on. Have a look at Wyatt s book for an abundance of examples. 

Lee-Boot effect inhibition of estrus in adult females or delay of puberty in juvenile females by female pheromones. 

Female mice have volatile components in their urine that are depressed after adrenalectomy. Six components have been detected, of which three (2-heptanone, trans-5-h. ptea-l-one., and tra 5-4-hepten-2-one) have no apparent effects either as a group or when added to the other three components. The active three components are w-pentyl acetate, m-2-penten-l-yl acetate, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (Fig. 8.3). If 2,5-dimethylpyrazine is painted daily on the external nares of young female mice from day 21 on, the time of the first vaginal estrus is delayed. These three compoimds act in redimdant fashion the two acetate esters delay vaginal estrus by 1.5 days, on average 2,5-dimethylpyrazine alone delays it by 2.4 days, and a mixture of all three delays it by 1.7 days. (Novotny et a /., 1986a). 

Acceleration and delay of first estrus in wild Mus musculus. Journal ofMammology 60,215-216. 

The volatile components from the urine of normal and adrenalectomized female mice were compared and chemical differences identified through gas chromatographic analysis.131 Six simple compounds accounted for the majority of the difference, at least from the perspective of concentration. These were 2-heptanone (41), ( )-hept-5-en-2-one (42), ( )-hept-4-en-2-one (43), -pentyl acetate (44), (Z)-pent-2-enyl acetate (45), and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (46). When authentic samples of 41—46 were added to urine from adrenalectomized animals and their concentrations restored to the levels of normal urine, full recovery of biological activity (delay of first estrus) was observed.131 Subsequent studies have confirmed the biological responses to pyrazine 46.132... 

F (increased estrus, decreased Brezneretal. 1984 receptivity, vaginal bleeding, i254 delayed parturition)... 

RECENT BIOCHEMICAL INSIGHTS INTO PUBERTY ACCELERATION, ESTRUS INDUCTION, AND PUBERTY DELAY IN THE HOUSE MOUSE... 

Puberty Acceleration, Estrus Induction, and Puberty Delay in the House Mouse... 

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