Escherichia coli potential effects

The first report on the anticancer properties of ruthenium was published in 1976 when the Ru(III) compound /ac-[RuC13(NH3)3] (Fig. 11) was found to induce filamentous growth of Escherichia coli at concentrations comparable to those at which cisplatin generates similar effects (49). This Ru(III) complex and related compounds such as cis-[RuCl2(NH3)4]Cl illustrated the potential anticancer activity of ruthenium complexes, but insolubility prevented further pharmacological use. Since these initial studies, other Ru(III) complexes have been studied for potential anticancer activity, and two compounds, NAMI-A (50) and KP1019 (51), are currently undergoing clinical trials. Remarkably,... 

Cisplatin was first characterized as a radiation sensitizer using hypoxic Bacillus megaterium spores (53). Radiation sensitization by cisplatin was confirmed in vegetative Escherichia coli with a maximum sensitizer enhancement ratio of 1.77 in anoxic bacteria at a cisplatin concentration of 50 uM (54). Zimbrick et al. (55) extended these studies to other platinum complexes. The earliest studies in mammalian cells used hypoxic V-79 Chinese hamster cells and showed a small radiation sensitization with 8 iM of cisplatin (56). Nias and Szumiel (57) first reported that pretreatment of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with a platinum complex could sensitize well-oxygenated cells to radiation. Wodinsky etal. (58) showed that cisplatin potentiated the effect of whole-body radiation therapy in mice inoculated intraperitoneally with P388 leukemia compared with either modality alone. Therapeutic potentiation was found in MTG-B subcutaneous tumors and intracerebral RBT when the animals were treated with cisplatin and radiation (59). 

High cell densities are not only a prerequisite for high productivity additionally an effective on-line control and modeling of the bioprocesses is necessary. For industrial applications, optical measurement methods are more attractive because they are non-invasive and more robust. The potential of the BioView sensor for on-line bioprocess monitoring and control was tested. For high-cell-density cultivation of Escherichia coli, maintaining aerobic conditions and removal of inhibitory by-products are essential. Acetic acid is known to be one of the critical metabolites. Information about changes in the cell metabolism and the time of important process operations is accessible on-line for optimization... 

Molla, A. M., M. Hossain, S. A. Sarker, A. Molla, and W. B. Green-ough III. Rice-powder electrolyte solution as oral therapy in diarrhoea due to Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli. Lancet 1982 1(8285) 1317-1319. Minaguchi, S., E. Sudoh, M. Takeshita, et al. Effects of various immuno-potentiators on ENNG-induced carcinogenesis in rats. Igaku No Ayumi 1985 133(5) 321-322. 

Oxyrase.. We must also consider the Oxyrase svstem for o.xvgen removal. This is presently derived from Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtil is, but could be derived from other sources too, such as various yeasts (J. Copeland, Oxyrase Inc., personal communication), making the system potentially suitable for use in foods. Because of the diversity of enzymes in this system, the presence of such substrates as lactic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, or a-glveerophosphate, tound in virtually any biological tissue, can effect deoxygenation and attendant stabilization or restriction on 1 he growth of aerobic oiganisms. 

In neutral and slightly alkaline media, MPO-compound I can react directly with iodides, bromides, chlorides (K16), thiocyanates, Al-acetylmethionine, cysteine, pyridine nucleotides (S20), and phenols (K16), including tyrosine (H14) and thyroid hormones. Some of these reactions have certain biological importance. In extensive studies, Klebanoff el al. investigated the potential function of MPO as an iodide-oxidizing enzyme (K16). It was found that iodide is rapidly oxidized, forming a bactericidal derivative which produces a fall in the number of viable Escherichia coli 10 times more effectively than bromide and 100 times more effectively than chloride, if used as MPO substrates. Extremely low concentrations of iodides and bromides in leukocytes and blood plasma, however, seem to limit the importance of iodide oxidation in bacteria killing mechanisms. 

Molnar et al. [69] studied antibacterial effect and plasmid curing property of several phenothaizines and tried to correlate these functions with respect to their chemical structure. They observed that diethazine, amitriptyline, and impipramine showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on different bacteria. Chlorpromazine sulfoxide and fluorescein were ineffective even at 1000 Ag/ml. The antibacterial compounds deleted at 40-70% frequency the F lac-t- plasmid of Escherichia coli K12 Le-140. Similar plasmid elimination potentiality by phenothiazines was reported by the same group of authors in 1982 [72],... 

The potential for mutagenic effects was determined in bacterial, fungal, and mammalian cell systems in vitro. Although chrysene produced negative results in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces, it produced positive results in S. typhimurium in TAIOO. In mammalian cells, chrysene produced positive effects in Syrian hamster embryo cells in vitro. Administration of chrysene to Chinese hamsters by intraperitoneal injection also produced increased sister chromatid exchanges in bone marrow cells. Increased aberrations were also noted in phase II oocytes collected from NMRI mice treated orally with chrysene. Chrysene induced aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in cultured human lymphocytes. 

Sunlight and other sources of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation can affect foods. For example, it has been shown that sodium nitrite, sodium nitrate, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and benzoic acid exhibit additive photogenotoxic effects on Escherichia coli, causing increased mutations upon exposure to sunlight. I76l Such effects potentially increase the toxic risks associated with food additives. 

Samelis, J., Sofos, J.N., Kendall, P.A., and Smith, G.C. 2002. Effect of acid adaptation on survival of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 in meat decontamination washing fluids and potential effects of organic acid interventions on the microbial ecology of the meat plant environment. Journal of Food Protection 65 33M0. 

Edema disease in piglets, caused by ETEC, normally occurs after weaning. Acidic conditions in the GIT are known to have bactericidal effects on potentially harmful bacteria, as it is a more favorable environment for lactobacilli, which may inhibit the colonization and proliferation of Escherichia coli. Lactobacilli also produce metabolites against Gramnegative bacteria. Organic acids may also be applied to reduce coliform... 

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