Filamentous growth

Oberlin, Endo, M and Koyama, T., Filamentous growth of carbon through benzeine decomposition, J. of Crystal Growth, 1976, 32, 335. ... 

In practical cases, however, the excess weight and volume due to the use of alloys may not be very far from those required with pure lithium electrodes, for one generally has to operate with a large amount of excess lithium in rechargeable cells in order to make up for the capacity loss related to the filament growth problem upon cycling. 

Pj release occurs at a relatively apparent slow rate (kobs = 0.005 s" ), so that the transient intermediate F-ADP-Pj in which P is non-covalently bound, has a life time of 2-3 minutes (Carlier and Pantaloni, 1986 Carlier, 1987). While the y-phosphate cleavage step is irreversible as assessed by 0 exchange studies (Carlier et al., 1987), the release of Pi is reversible. Binding of H2PO4 (Kp 10 M) causes the stabilization of actin filaments and the rate of filament growth varies linearly with the concentration of actin monomer in the presence of Pi (Carlier and Pantaloni, 1988). Therefore, Pi release appears as the elementary step responsible for the destabilization of actin-actin interactions in the filament. 

Figure 8.4. Transmission electron microscope picture of carbon formation and filament growth on a Si02-supported Ni catalyst after exposure to a CH4 + H2 gas mixture at 1 bar...

This process of filament growth is closely related to the synthesis of single walled carbon nano-tubes. Here the aim is to selectively produce a single layer of carbon in a tube that is as long as possible. Owing to their extreme mechanical strength and interesting electronic behavior these materials have recently attracted substantial interest in materials science. 

Fig. 8. Difference spectrum (green irradiated minus red irradiated) of phycochrome c (solid line), action spectrum for induction of filamentous growth of Nostoc muscorum (dotted line), and action spectrum for inhibition of C-phycoerythrin synthesis in Tolypothrix tenuis (dashed-dotted line). Abscissa wavelength in nm Ordinates relative absorbance change und relative action (after Bjorn and Bjorn 5))...

Although the action spectra for the induction of the filamentous growth in Nostoc are shown to coincide with the difference spectrum between the two absorption forms of phycochrome c (see above), no molecular mechanism for the transduction has yet been suggested. 

The rigorous kinetic modeling with the incorporation of the diffusion step allows explaining the deactivation of the carbon filament growth and the influence of the affinity for carbon formation on the nucleation of the filamentous carbon. 

The first report on the anticancer properties of ruthenium was published in 1976 when the Ru(III) compound /ac-[RuC13(NH3)3] (Fig. 11) was found to induce filamentous growth of Escherichia coli at concentrations comparable to those at which cisplatin generates similar effects (49). This Ru(III) complex and related compounds such as cis-[RuCl2(NH3)4]Cl illustrated the potential anticancer activity of ruthenium complexes, but insolubility prevented further pharmacological use. Since these initial studies, other Ru(III) complexes have been studied for potential anticancer activity, and two compounds, NAMI-A (50) and KP1019 (51), are currently undergoing clinical trials. Remarkably,... 

Myosin-15a is located at stereocilia tips and apparently controls the rate of actin filament growth [18] stereocilia with more myosin-15a grow faster than those with lesser amounts of the myosin. Hair cells with no functional myosin-15a protein grow stereocilia that are very short and stubby, indicating that myosin-15a is important for actin filament elongation but not in the specification of the positions of the stereocilia. 

Margittai, M., and Langen, R. (2004). Template-assisted filament growth by parallel stacking of tau. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 10278-10283. 

A. Oberlin, M. Endo, T. Koyama, Filamentous growth of carbon through benzene decomposition., Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 32, pp. 335-349,1976. 

It is interesting to note that, while Saccharomyces and Candida quorum sensing signals share similarity, their effects seem different. In Saccharomyces, the signals lead to adhesion and invasive filamentous growth in Candida, filamentation is suppressed. Farnesol seems to promote the dispersion of cells from the Candida biofilm. ... 

Strain development is the prerequisite for the development of efficient processes for the production of natural products in filamentous microorganisms. Although the morphology of filamentous growth can be... 

ACTIN FILAMENT GROWTH (Polymerization Zone Model)... 

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