Genetically engineered Escherichia coli cell

Liquid fermentation is useful for the production of enzymes as well as antibiotics. It is good for scale-up and reproduction. There are two types of enzyme produced intracellular and extracellular enzymes. With advances in genetic engineering, Escherichia coli is now being used to produce enzymes. When E. coli is used, the enzyme is accumulated inside the cell. This method is very popular. 

Katsuyama Y, Miyahisa 1, Funa N, Horinouchi S (2007) One-pot synthesis of genistein from tyrosine by coincubation of genetically engineered Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 73 1143-1149. doi 10.1007/s00253-006-0568-2... 

F., Steinbusch, S. et al (2010) High cell-density processes in batch mode of a genetically engineered Escherichia coli strain with minimized overflow metabolism using a pressurized bioreactor. /. BiotechnoL, 150 (1), 73-79. 

Zhao J, Xu L, Wang Y, Zhao X, Wang J, Garza E, Manow R, Zhou S (2013a) Homofermoitative production of optically pure L-lactic acid from xylose by genetically engineered Escherichia coli B. Microb Cell Fact 12(1) 57... 

Ricin is a type II toxin. The A chain (ricin A) contains 267 amino acid residues, and the B chain (ricin B) 262 residues. Ricin A is exceptionally toxic, and it has been estimated that a single molecule is sufficient to kill an individual cell. This peptide can be prepared by genetic engineering using Escherichia coli. The potent action of this material on eukaryotic cells has been investigated in anticancer therapy. Ricin A has been coupled to monoclonal antibodies and successfully delivered specifically to the tumour cells. However, in vitro toxicity of ricin A-based immunotoxins is enhanced significantly if ricin B is also present. 

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