Standards ergonomics

Pheasant, S. 1987 Ergonomics - standards and guidelines for designers (PP7317). London BSL... 

There are many checklists that can be used to identify error-inducing conditions and ensure conformance with particular ergonomic standards, and the following examples illustrate the range of areas covered. 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (2000), Final Ergonomic Program Standard Regulatory Text, website www.osha-slc.gov/ergonomics-standard/regulatory/ index.html. 

These are similar to the elements in the proposed safety and health program rule. The proposed ergonomics standard covers workers in general industry, though construction, maritime, and agriculture operations may be covered in future rulemaking. TTie proposal specifically covers manufacturing... 

The Cahfornia Ergonomic Standard (see website http //www.dir.ca.gov/1itle8/5110.html) went into effect on July 3, 1997. The standard targets jobs where a repetitive motion injury (RMI) has occurred and the injury can be determined to be work related and at a repetitive job. The injury must have been diagnosed by a physician. The three main elements of the CaUfomia standard are work site evaluation, control of exposures that have caused RMIs, and employee training. The exact language of the standard has been undergoing review in the CaUfomia judicial system. 

California Ergonomic Standard, 1166 Call Center MAESTRO, 2461 Call centers (customer service), 658, 659 CAM, see Computer-aided manufacturing CAM-1 automated process planning system (CAPP), 474-475 Canada, quahty standards in, 1968 Cancers, occupational, 1169 CAN Financid, 654 Cantilever racks, 1523 Capability analysis ... 

Ergonomics, 1042, 1061, 1194-1195 California Ergonomic Standard, 1166 cognitive ergonomics, 1014 for control panels, 1016 definition of, 1042... 

In April 2002, OSHA announced a four-element plan with respect to ergonomics, partially in response to congregational demands after a previously issued ergonomics standard was rescinded by the new administration. This plan consists of... 

Plant costs are to be minimized, subject only to safety and ergonomic standards corresponding to health and safety regulations, regardless of any increases of operating cost. (For the investor who is tied to a very limited capital budget, but expects handsome operating profits.)... 

Personnel access and ergonomic standards for operation and maintenance. Systems and features for removal and replacement of equipment. 

OSHA had no specific standards on ergonomics related to workplace safety. As a result, OSHA later agreed on a smaller fine for IBP because of the lack of specific ergonomic standards. In part of the settlement, OSHA required the company to do research into ergonomic aspects of its workplace. 

There are also private organizations that compile directories of worldwide human factors and ergonomics standards. ... 

Our Facility Safety Manual includes extensive procedures for documented reviews for safety, health, environmental, and ergonomic standards before budget approval is obtained on a new project, and for equipment reviews before the equipment is released to normal production. As you will see from what I m mailing to you, we are deep into specifications, and the signature of a safety specialist is required in the project and budget review procedures. ... 

EN 13861, Safety of machinery - Guidance for the application of ergonomics standards in the... 

Table 3.1 compares the computing capability available over the years. What has occurred is that there has been a constant increase in functionality (i.e., instructions per second) along with continuous decreases in the cost per instruction. The results of this trend are the ever increasing functionality of portable wireless communications, such as pagers and cellular phones, and their reduction in size to minimum ergonomic standards. 

Repetitive work tasks—Our understanding of ergonomics and how you can apply this scientific methodology in work settings to reduce soft tissue injury risks increased dramatically starting about 15 year ago. This is when OSHA was going to institute an ergonomics standard to which all businesses would have to comply. It is also the time when we... 

Quality in use has a broader sense, although some ergonomic standards (e.g. [21] and [22]) take the expression to be a synonym of usability. Bevan [6] explains the ISO/IEC 14598-1 [23] concept of quality in use as the combined effect of the system s quality characteristics, and the way they are experienced by the end user. In particular, it depends on the circumstances in which a system is used, including factors such as the tasks, equipment (hardware, software and materials), and the physical and social environment. As discussed in Bevan [5], quality in use depends not only on software usability, but also on other software quality attributes the appropriateness of the provided functionality for a given task, the performance that users can achieve using the system, and system reliability. 

Ergonomic improvements will help an employer to be competitive. During the 1980s and 90s the subject of ergonomics has given rise to many articles, books, seminars, and trained consultants. OSHA has proposed an ergonomic standard and various states have proposed this legislation as well. 

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