Equipment design consideration

Because of product and equipment design considerations, the forces that can be exerted on the mass to be pelleted are higher than those in low-pressure agglomeration but are still relatively small. Therefore, binders and lubricants (see Section 5.1.2) play an important role for the technology and the product is normally not highly den-sified. 

Similar injection-molding equipment design considerations apply to extrusion equipment such as long plasticating screws with 24/1 or higher L/Z) ratios and approximately 3 1 compression ratios. ... 

Certain apphcations require that the equipment meet FDA and USDA sanitary requirements. These requirements ensure that the products are not contaminated by extractables or microorganisms from the equipment. Special considerations are given to the design of such equipment (41—44) (see... 

Auxiliaiy equipment and the special design considerations discussed for batch trays and compartments apply also to tunnel equipment. For size-estimating purposes, tray and truck tunnels and furnaces can be treated in the same manner as discussed for batch equipment. 

Design UF equipment has considerable variety of design, but the trend is toward more compact, energy efficient, and lower-cost designs. Much of the robustness characteristic of older designs is now available in less costly versions. 

Many processes require equipment designed to rigid specifications together with automatic control and safety devices. Consideration should be given to the control, and limitation of the effects, of equipment malfunction or maloperation including ... 

Failure is considered both on a local basis i.e., loss of utihty supply to one item of equipment (e.g., electric power to a pump motor) and on a general basis i.e., loss of supply to all consuming equipment in a process unit (e.g., cooling water to all coolers and condensers). For the purpose of these pressure rehef design considerations, a process unit is defined as one which meets all the following criteria ... 

This discussion will address needs, applications, performance characteristics, and design considerations for LVHV exhaust ventilation. The applications are primarily for dust control. LVHV systems can be effective for protecting workers from dust exposures and for recovering valuable process materials. The equipment, excepting the nozzles, involves technology that is the same as for large central vacuum cleaning systems. 

A well-designed piece of equipment has safety and loss prevention features built into it. Tlie following typical design considerations are important from tlie standpoint of loss prevention ... 

The factors Uiat enter into tlie design of vessels include type of material, configuration, inetliod of construction, design stresses, and tliickness of Uie metal. As with any equipment, design pressures and temperatures should take into consideration Uie most severe combination of conditions anticipated. Vessels must be completely drainable. Liners and wear plates may be required to prevent corrosion. 

Radiation is not generally considered in conventional heat transfer equipment except for direct gas/oil-fired heaters and cracking units. These later types are not a part of this chapter, because they are specialty items of their own as far as design considerations are concerned. 

Primarily it is the demand for MU and its quality (by which we mean the level of natural and introduced contaminants present in the water), coupled with the boiler and support equipment design and materials of construction under consideration, that collectively provide for a unique set of potential waterside problems in any individual steam system cycle. 

General Considerations. Continuous mass processes for polystyrene have been in commercial use since the 1930 s, and for rubber-modified polystyrene (HIPS) since the 1950 s. Much of the information on equipment design, process configuration and operating parameters connected with continuous processes is found in the patent literature. There are inherent limitations to such sources. Recognizing this, we will provide... 

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