Equation for calculation

Equation (4) is the )cey equation for calculation of multi-component vapor-liquid equilibria. 

Equation (6) is the Icey equation for calculation of multicomponent liquid-liquid equilibria. 

The surface viscosity can be measured in a manner entirely analogous to the Poiseuille method for liquids, by determining the rate of flow of a film through a narrow canal under a two-dimensional pressure difference Ay. The apparatus is illustrated schematically in Fig. IV-7, and the corresponding equation for calculating rj is analogous to the Poiseuille equation [99,100]... 

Use of the Kelvin equation for calculation of pore size distribution... 

Finding the Estimated Slope andy-Intercept The derivation of equations for calculating the estimated slope and y-intercept can be found in standard statistical texts and is not developed here. The resulting equation for the slope is given as... 

In order to select the pipe size, the pressure loss is calculated and velocity limitations are estabHshed. The most important equations for calculation of pressure drop for single-phase (Hquid or vapor) Newtonian fluids (viscosity independent of the rate of shear) are those for the deterrnination of the Reynolds number, and the head loss, (16—18). 

Sodium bromide has a very high water solubiUty. At 25°C a saturated solution contains 48.6% sodium bromide by weight. Values for the solubiUty at several temperatures are known (1). Three parameter equations for calculating the solubiUty iu terms of mole fraction of both the anhydrous and dihydrate salts are available (2). Convenient equations for calculating the solubiUty iu weight percent of sodium bromide iu water at various temperatures, t iu °C, are as follows ... 

An equation for calculating the partial pressure of chlorine dioxide above specified chlorine dioxide solutions at various temperatures based on the data from reference 24 has been developed (25) ... 

This is the gas-phase mass-transfer limited condition, which can be substituted into Eq. (14-71) to obtain the following equation for calculating the height of packing for a dilute system ... 

The concept of a mass-transfer unit was developed many years ago to represent more rigorously what happens in a differential contactor rather than a stagewise contactor. For a straight operating line and a straight equilibrium line with an intercept of zero, the equation for calculating the number of mass-transfer units based on the overall raffinate phase N r is identical to the Kremser equation except for the denominator when the extraction factor is not equal to 1.0 [Eq. (15-23)]. 

Another equation for quick sizing of horizontal knockout drums/ catch tanks is presented by Tan Hydroca rhon Processing, October 1967, p. 149). He recommends the following equation for calculating the drum diameter ... 

Because there are no moving parts in the Kenics mixer, only the processed materials are in motion. Therefore, the only energy required for the mixer is the energy required to overcome the pressure drop (AP). The general equation for calculating the pressure drop in an empty pipe for isothermal incompressible fluids is given by... 

Equations for calculating inside film coefficients (hj) of jacketed agitated vessels... 

This jacket is considered a special case of a helical coil if certain factors are incorporated into equations for calculating outside-film coefficients. In the equations at left and below, the equivalent heat transfer diameter D. for a rectangular cross-section IS equal to four times the width of the annular space, w and IS the mean or centerline diameter of the coil helix. Velocities are calculated from the actual cross-section of the flow area. pw. where p IS the pitch of the spiral baffle, and from the effective mass flowrate. W. through the passage. The leakage around spiral baffles is considerable, amounting to 35-50% of the total mass flowrate. The effective mass flowrate is about 60% of the total mass flowrate to the jacket W =... 

The classical equation for calculating the magnitude of the stress concentration at a defect of the type shown in Fig. 2.62(b) is... 

The equations for calculating the individual velocity components in the. r and y directions are given in rhe source,- where suitable forms for computer calculations are also given. 

Flemeon is the first standard reference book that presents the equations for calculating thermal updrafts. These equations are repeated and expanded in other standard reference books, including Heinsohn, Goodfellow, and the ACGIFl Industrial Ventilation Manual.These equations are derived from the more accurate formulas for heat transfer (Nusselt number) at natural convection (where density differences, due to temperature differences, provide the body force required to move the fluid) and both the detailed and the simplified formulas can be found in handbooks on thermodynamics (e.g., Perry--, and ASHRAE -). 

The amount of heat absorbed or lo.st by a substance that causes a change in the temperature of the substance is sensible heat, ft is called sensible heat because it can be measured by the change in temperature it causes. For example, as heat is added to a piece of steel the temperature of that steel increases and can be measured. The general equation for calculating sensible heat is ... 

NFPA 69 (1997) provides equations for calculating the required design pressures for both types of containment design. It also discusses the limitations of deflagration pressure containment design. 

Table 5-2 shows the equations for calculating the hydraulic diameter for various flame arrester passageways. 

Equations for Calculation of Hydraulic Diameter for Various Flame Arresters... 

Duiser (1989) calculates emissive power from rate of combustion and released heat. As a conservative estimate, he uses a radiation fraction (/) of 0.35. He proposed the following equation for calculating the emissive power of a pool fire ... 

Combining these relationships gives the following equations for calculation of partial rate factors "p ... 

Equations for calculating enthalpy of liquid of each component as a function of temperature... 

Filtration of 300 ml of fermentation broth was carried out in a laboratory-sized filter with a pressure drop of lOpsi. The filtration took 20 min. Based on previous studies, the filter cake obtained from Penicillium chrysogenum was compressible with the exponent 5 in the equation for calculation of filter area equal to 0.5. 

Equations (6.51) and (6,52) can be substituted into equation (6.50), which can then be solved for V and differentiated to obtain V/. This result can be substituted into equation (6,47) and integrated to give o,. As an example, we will derive the equation for calculating in a binary mixture. The calculation of would be similar. 

Substitution of equation (7.85) into equation (7.77) gives an equation for calculating L. The result isu... 

We now have equations for the partition functions for the ideal gas and equations for relating the partition functions to the thermodynamic properties. We are ready to derive the equations for calculating the thermodynamic properties from the molecular parameters. As an example, let us calculate Um - t/o.m for the translational motion of the ideal gas. We start with... 

By starting with this partition function and going through considerable mathematical manipulation, one arrives at the following equations for calculating the corrections to the rigid rotator and harmonic oscillator values calculated from Table 10,4, U... 

Table A4.5 summarizes the equations for calculating anharmonicity and nonrigid rotator corrections for diatomic molecules. These corrections are to be added to the thermodynamic properties calculated from the equations given in Table A4.1 (which assume harmonic oscillator and rigid rotator approximations).

Extending this to a system consisting of two kinds of cations (1 and 2) and one kind of anion, Klemm has derived equations for calculating internal cation mobihties. The internal mobility Map of an a ion with reference to a P ion is directly related to the velocity change in the relevant two ions caused by the perturbation field ... 

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