Annular space

Alternatively a mercury-sealed stirrer may be employed. Here again a short glass tube C is inserted through the cork of the flask to act as a collar for the stirrer. The tube C carries a short wide tube B which is either fused at its lower end to C, or is fixed to it by means of a cork as shown. The stirrer D carries a precisely similar tube E, the top of which however is now fixed to D the bore of the tube E allows it to fit easily within the annular space between the collar C and the tube B. Mercury... 

The furnace and thermostatic mortar. For heating the tube packing, a small electric furnace N has been found to be more satisfactory than a row of gas burners. The type used consists of a silica tube (I s cm. in diameter and 25 cm. long) wound with nichrome wire and contained in an asbestos cylinder, the annular space being lagged the ends of the asbestos cylinder being closed by asbestos semi-circles built round the porcelain furnace tube. The furnace is controlled by a Simmerstat that has been calibrated at 680 against a bimetal pyrometer, and the furnace temperature is checked by this method from time to time. The furnace is equipped with a small steel bar attached to the asbestos and is thus mounted on an ordinary laboratory stand the Simmerstat may then be placed immediately underneath it on the baseplate of this stand, or alternatively the furnace may be built on to the top of the Simmerstat box. 

Suspend the bomb by a wire or a metal rod through F. Fill with water the annular space between the pillar F and the hole in the top of H. Now heat the base of A with a pointed flame, e.., from a blowpipe pointing upwards. The time required for heating in this way is usually about i minute, but an ordinary Bunsen flame, used without concentration on the bottom of A, may require about 4 minutes. The... 

Apparatus 1-1 flask with a dropping funnel, a gas-tight mechanical stirrer and a very efficient reflux condenser the top of the condenser was connected with a trap. A tube containing anhydrous CaCl2 was placed between the trap and the water pump. The connection of the trap was made in such a way that the cumulene vapour could enter the large annular space (the long inner tube being connected to the water pump). 

Consider a flow of argon of 0.5 L/min through an annular space of 4 x 10" cm between two concentric capillary tubes at normal ambient temperatures. If the density of argon is taken to be 1.2 X 10 gem then,... 

Figure 19.7 shows a typical construction of a concentric-tube nebulizer. The sample (analyte) solution is placed in the innermost of two concentric capillary tubes and a flow of argon is forced down the annular space between the two tubes. As it emerges, the fast-flowing gas stream causes a partial vacuum at the end of the inner tube (Figure 19.4), and the sample solution lifts out (Figure 19.5). Where the emerging solution meets the fast-flowing gas, it is broken into an aerosol (Figure 19.7), which is swept along with the gas and eventually reaches the plasma flame. Uptake of sample solution is commonly a few milliliters per minute.

Commercial-scale operations are conducted in batch, fed-batch, or continuous culture systems. Fermentation vessels include the conventional baffled aerated tank, with or without impeller agitation, and the ak-lift tower fermentors in which ak is sparged into an annular space between the... 

Refrigerated storage tanks are iasulated usiag great care to minimize heat loss and access of air and moisture to the iasulation or metal surface. In double-wak tanks, the annular space is usuaky fiked with perlite and the external surface of the outer tank is painted for corrosion protection. 

In heating or drying apphcations, when cooling of the product is desired before discharge to the atmosphere, cool air is blown through a second annular space, outside the inlet hot-air annulus, and released thi ough the louvers at the sohds-discharge end of the shell. 

FIG. 27-34 Aspirator (air-jet) mixer feeding a sealed-in large port premix tunnel hnmer. Blower air enters at lower left. Gas from an atmospheiio regulator is pulled into the air stream from the annular space around the ventnii throat in proportion to the air flow. (From North Ameiioan Comhnstion Handbook, 3d ed., North American Manufacturing Company, Cleveland, 1996.)... 

All ozonizers have individual characteristics since it is difficult if not impossible to build two absolutely identical ozonizers. Variations in the composition of the glass and the annular space... 

The annular space between the outer pipe and the surrounding rock is filled with cement over the whole depth up to the ground in new wells. The purpose of this is to seal the deposits at the top and to keep the fresh water and salt water zones separate. In addition, it serves as a protection against pressure from the rock and as corrosion protection which, however, is only effective so long as there is no current exit caused by extended corrosion of cells or due to foreign anodic influences. The cement Ailing of the borehole casing is usually not uniformly spread over the pipe surface. It has to be remembered that there can be sections which are either not covered or are only thinly covered with cement. 

Double Pipe Each tube has own shell forming annular space for shell side fluid. Usually use externally finned tube. Relatively small transfer area service, or in banks for larger applications. Especially suited for high pressures in tube above 400 psig. Services suitable for finned tube. Piping-up a large number often requires cost and space. 0.8-1.4... 

For flow parallel to tubes or in an annular space, e.g. a double-pipe heat exchanger, use... 

Solution Since the distributor annular space w as capable of handling the vapor flow, the riser was simply blanked off. Adding a hat or relocating the feed pipe w ere possible alternate. solutions. 

If the cooling bath for the first trap is lowered much below — 15°, plugging of the trap is likely to occur. These traps are connected so that the vapor enters the larger, annular space, impinging on the cold wall before entering (and possibly plugging) the smaller inner tube. 

---