Silanes 7-epoxy

Rider and Amott were able to produce notable improvements in bond durability in comparison with simple abrasion pre-treatments. In some cases, the pretreatment improved joint durability to the level observed with the phosphoric acid anodizing process. The development of aluminum platelet structure in the outer film region combined with the hydrolytic stability of adhesive bonds made to the epoxy silane appear to be critical in developing the bond durability observed. XPS was particularly useful in determining the composition of fracture surfaces after failure as a function of boiling-water treatment time. A key feature of the treatment is that the adherend surface prepared in the boiling water be treated by the silane solution directly afterwards. Given the adherend is still wet before immersion in silane solution, the potential for atmospheric contamination is avoided. Rider and Amott have previously shown that such exposure is detrimental to bond durability. 

Adhesion promoter. Epoxy silane can be added to increase adhesion to glass (mainly for BR sealants). In certain textile applications, isocyanates can be added to solvent-borne BR cements. 

Foam compositions, including a latex and a polynitrile oxide such as 2,4,6-triethylbenzene-l,3-dicarbonitrile oxide, or a latex and an epoxy silane, or a latex and a mixture of the two crosslinkers have been prepared (526). The compositions may also contain additional components, including fillers, surfactants, cell detackifiers, froth stabilizers, froth boosters, viscosity reducers, and compounds to improve resilience, and antioxidants. The compositions are particularly useful in the manufacture of flooring, wall covering, shoe lining and nonwoven materials. 

Fig. 5.9. Load-displacement records of double-cantilever-beam tests on E-glass fiber-vinyl ester matrix composites, (a) 0.4 wt% epoxy silane (b) 0.01 wt% methacrylate silane (c) 0.4 wt% methacrylate silane (d) 1.0 wt% methacrylate silane. After Suzuki et al. (1993).

Belosludtsev et al. (2001) Vacuum amine and epoxy silanization protocols... 

Procter G, Russell AT, Murphy PJ, Tan TS, Mather AN (1988) Epoxy-silanes in organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 44 3953-3973... 

When aldehydes or ketones are treated with reagents of the form 51, the product is an epoxy silane (6-61), which can be hydrolyzed to a methyl ketone.610 For aldehydes, this is a method for converting RCHO to a methyl ketone RCH2COMe. 

Enamines. In the presence of alumina (Woelm 200 neutral) cw-a,p-epoxy-silanes can be opened by pyrrolidine or morpholine to give a-amino-p-hydroxy-silanes, from which the pure as-enamine can be obtained by KH-induced syn p-elimination (equation I). The isomeric trans-a,p-epoxysilane is inert to this ring... 

Titanium(IV) isopropoxide, 311 a,(3-Epoxy aldehydes and ketones Fluorine-Acetonitrile, 135 Oxodiperoxymolybdenum-(pyridine)(hexamethylphosphoric triamide), 227 a,(3-Epoxy silanes Allyltriisopropylsilane, 11 m-Chloroperbenzoic acid, 76 Esters (see also Dicarbonyl compounds, Unsaturated esters)... 

Tetrabutylammonium fluoride, 286 Silanes (see also Allylic compounds, a, 13-Epoxy silanes, Ketones, Silyl enol ethers, Vinylsilanes)... 

Hanning [4], Miller and Ishida [5], and McKenzie and Koenig [6] favored transmission measurements using FT-IR for monitoring silanized mica quantitatively. Berger and Desmond [3] demonstrated the ability of FT-IR diffuse reflectance measurements to quantitate various silanized substrates including mercapto silane on hydrous clay and epoxy silane on alumina trihydrate. Later Vagberg el at. 

Hoh et al. [4] used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FT-IR, and solid-state 13C-NMR to gain information about the epoxy/silane resin interphase. They used FT-IR to correlate the extent of reaction with the extent of interdiffusion as in the above studies. For both NMR and DSC studies, bulk models were used to study the molecular mobility of interfacial components. 

Polystyrene, 20% by weight glass, 32% for fabric laminate, epoxy silane compression molded at 500°F. 

Epoxy Silane No Silane Only Film Former... 

Conventional silanes are limited to high-solids and solvent adhesive and sealant applications in which moisture is not encountered until use. However, water-stable epoxy silane promoters have recently been developed to enhance the wet strength of waterborne adhesives and sealants.17... 

Surfactants act as wetting agents by lowering the surface tension of the waterborne epoxy. Silanes can be used to increase adhesion to certain substrates and fillers, as shown in Table 14.4, formulation C. Water-compatible thickeners and protective colloids such as polyvinyl alcohol, substituted cellulosics and sugars, and some acrylics improve application properties and offset viscosity decrease seen with water dilution. 

A very attractive method for glassy surface activation is silanization with reactive silanes. Thus, many research groups use aldehyde-modified silanes [25], epoxy silanes [26], and mercapto-silanes [27,28] for generating reactive surfaces. Commonly applied silanes are shown in Fig. 13. In the case of the aldehyde linkage a 5 -amino or hydrazide-modified [29] single strand... 

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