Epoxy polymers hardeners

The introduction of nickel/carbon nanocomposite (0.01% of the mass of pol mier filled on 65% of silver microparticles) into the epoxy polymer hardened with polyethylene polyamine leads to the decrease in electric resistance to 10 Ohmxcm (10 Ohmxcm without nanocomposite). 

The theory has been examined by measuring the ratio K,c/Klcs as a function of j/g, as shown in Fig. 17. The theoretical lines have been fitted to the experimental points by choosing suitable values of the critical distance, c, which is the only fitting parameter. The agreement between theory and experiment has been found to be equally good for many different epoxy polymers cured with many different hardeners, both unmodified 44- 45,51), rubber-modified 45) and containing glass particles 22) and even, under certain circumstances, for structural adhesive joints S3). Values of critical stress, ct,c, and distance, c, for various epoxy materials, obtained from bulk and... 

The prepolynier can be reacted further with a wide variety of reagents, and its latent Functionality depends on the particular reaction. The conversion of an epoxy polymer to an interconnected network structure is formally similar to the vulcanization of rubber, but the process is termed curing in the epoxy system. When the epoxy hardener is a primary or secondary amine like m-phenylene diamine the main reaction is... 

Moshinsky, L., and Figovsky, O. Chemical Resistance of Epoxy Polymers Depending on Structure of Amino-Phenolic Hardeners, Journal Scientific Israel Advanced Technology 1, no. 1 (1999) 28-34. 

The fact of producing stable FS of nanocomposite on PEPA basis and increasing the operational characteristies of epoxy polymer was ascertained. It was demonstrated that the introduction of Cu/C nanocomposite into PEPA facilitates the formation of coordination bonds with nitrogen of amine groups, thus resulting in PEPA activity increase in ER hardening reactions. It was found out that the optimal time period of ultrasound processing of copper/carbon nanocomposite FS is 20 min. 

The diepoxy prepolymer (upper left structure) reacts with an amine hardener (lower left structure) to form an epoxy polymer. 

A wide range of physical properties can be achieved by varying the molecular weight of the epoxy component, the type of hardener and by adding catalysts and plasticizers. Epoxy polymers can be reinforced with glass, carbon and synthetic fibres prior to curing to increase strength and flexibility. 

Tiitu, M., et al. 2005. Aminic epoxy resin hardeners as reactive solvents for conjugated polymers Polyaniline base/epoxy composites for anticorrosion coatings. Polymer 46 (18) 6855. 

NEC has investigated a benzoguanidine-modified phenolic novolac polymer as a multirole hardener and flame retardant in epoxy polymers for electronic applications. 

Epoxy resins are composed of a large number of varying polymers, hardening agents, fillers, catalysts, and special compounds. Because of the wide variety of epoxy resins, modifiers, and curing agents that are available, the epoxy formulator is able to tailor the epoxy system to meet the application requirement. 

Method of synthesis final resin Is obtained from combination of epoxy monomer and hardener properties depend on monomers and their proportions epoxy polymers are produced by step or chain polymerizations or their combinations, leading to linear or crosslinked polymers Pascauit, J-P Williams, R J J, Epoxy Polymers, Pascauit, J-P Williams, R J J, Eds., Wiley, 2010 Jin, F-L Li, X Park, S-J, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 29,1-11,2015. 

To improve the properties of the epoxy polymers containing phenols, isocyanates, or Schiffs bases as hardeners, some derivatives of titanium... 

The nature of the metal atom in the molecule of the complex hardener is the most important factor for the production of the high thermal resistant polymers because it determines the stability of the chelate rings and, consequently, the strength of the chemical bonds in the produced epoxy polymer matrix. According to the Irving-Williams rule [538-540], the stability of the chelate rings is maximal for the copper and changes in the... 

The production of the composites based on the metal-containing epoxy polymers is a difficult problem because of the low solubility of the most well-known metal-containing hardeners and modifiers in the organic solvents used in the manufacture of the composite materials (e.g., acetone and ethanol) and owing to the poor compatibility of these metal compounds with the epoxy oligomers used in the compositions containing no solvents. The plastics... 

Epoxy resin hardener Butadiene-co-isobutylene polymer Japan 48,798 1974 Mitsubishi Petrochemical... 

Kacperski M and Spychaj T (1999) Rigid polyurethane foam with poly(ethylene terephthalate)/triethanolamine recycling products, Polym Adv Technol 10 620-624. Fabrycy E, Leistner A and Spychaj T (2000) New epoxy resin hardeners from PET scrap. Adhesion 44 35-39. 

Sufficient titanate leads to a fully hardened polymer. Using only enough titanate to react with free hydroxyls, the resin may subsequently be cured at lower cost with conventional cross-linking agents. The titanated epoxy resin has a low power factor, which is important in electrical appHcations, eg, potting components and insulation (see Embedding). Titanates improve adhesion of metals to epoxies. 

A variety of materials has been proposed to modify the properties of asphaltic binders to enhance the properties of the mix (112), including fillers and fibers to reinforce the asphalt—aggregate mixture (114), sulfur to strengthen or harden the binder (115,116), polymers (98,117—121), mbber (122), epoxy—resin composites (123), antistripping agents (124), metal complexes (125,126), and lime (127,128). AH of these additives serve to improve the properties of the binder and, ultimately, the properties of the asphalt—aggregate mix. 

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