Epithelial cells sugars

Enhanced binding of Candida to epithelial cells due to hyperglycemia asymptomatic colonization is more common in patients with diabetes elevated sugar levels may cause conversion to symptomatic infection... 

The movement of solutes from the external environment into the cell is usually achieved using cell membrane-spanning proteins that facilitate solute transfer. These are necessary, since most solutes (e.g. sugars, amino acids, salts) will not readily diffuse through the hydrophobic cell membrane. Movement of solutes into the epithelial cell can involve a variety of protein carriers or channels including (see Figure 1) ... 

Rabito, C.A. and Ausiello, D.A. (1980). Na+-dependent sugar transport in a cultured epithelial cell line from a pig kidney. J. Membr. Biol. 54 31-38. 

Sugar The hydrolysis of sucrose in the intestine produces both glucose and fructose, which are transported across the epithelial cells by specific carrier proteins. The fructose is taken up solely by the liver. Fructose is metabolised in the liver to the triose phosphates, dihydroxy-acetone and glycer-aldehyde phosphates. These can be converted either to glucose or to acetyl-CoA for lipid synthesis. In addition, they can be converted to glycerol 3-phosphate which is required for, and stimulates, esterification of fatty acids. The resulting triacylglycerol is incorporated into the VLDL which is then secreted. In this way, fructose increases the blood level of VLDL (Chapter 11). 

Recently, a monolayer of human alveolar epithelial cells was used to study the bioadhesive properties of lectins [37]. Lectins are sugar-recognizing adhesive molecules (they bind to epithelial cells) and are thought to increase the bioavailability of larger molecules by triggering vesicular transport processes. 

Cotransport of sugars and other nutrients with H+ or Na+. Epithelial cells of the small intestine or of kidney tubules must take up glucose at low concentra-... 

Epimerization of sugar, mechanisms 778 Epimers, definition of 163 Epinephrine (adrenaline) 542,553, 553s Episomes. See plasmid Epithelial cells 29 Epitheliocytes 25 Epoxides, alkyation by 254 Epoxide hydrolases 591 EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectroscopy 398, 399 of glutamate mutase 873 in study of phosphotransferases 639 EPSP (enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate) 687s... 

Compared with the B-active glycolipid found in non-epithelial tissue, the fucolipids in epithelial cells were based on glucosamine instead of galactosamine (see Fig. 9). The H active fucolipids of black and white rat had three and five sugars, respectively. The glycolipids found in epithelial cells of the two strains are summarized in Fig. 10. 

Fajac, I., Briand, P., Monsigny, M. and Midoux, P. (1999) Sugar-mediated uptake of glycosylated polylysines and gene transfer into normal and cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. Hum. Gene Ther., 10, 395 106. 

Grosse S, Aron Y, Honore I, Thevenot G, Danel C, Roche A-C, Monsigny M, Fajac I (2004) Lactosylated polyethylenimine for gene transfer into airway epithelial cells role of the sugar moiety in cell delivery and intracellular trafficking of the complexes. J Gene Med 2004 (6) 345-356... 

A further mechanism of transcellular transport is via the aqueous pores which exist in many lipid membranes. The pores are of the order of 0.4 nm in diameter, thus very small hydrophilic molecules such as water, urea and low molecular weight sugars can diffuse through these channels and thus be absorbed by epithelial cells. However, most drags are generally much larger (>1 nm in diameter) than the pore size, and this route is therefore of minor importance for drag delivery. 

Zweibaum A, Traidou N, Kedinger M et al. (1983) Sucrase-isomaltase a marker of foetal and malignant epithelial cells of the human colon. Int J Cancer 32 407 112 Zweibaum A, Pinto M, Chevalier G et al. (1985) Enterocytic differentiation of a subpopulation of the human colon tumor cell line HT-29 selected for growth in sugar-free medium and its inhibition by glucose. J Cell Physiol 122 21-29... 

The major important organic electrolytes and nonelectrolytes transported by epithelial cells include sugars, amino acids, nucleosides, organic cations, and organic anions. Transport systems have significant implications for the absorption, distribution, elimination, and pharmacokinetic properties of many clinically important drugs. The major epithelial tissues... 

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