Glycolipid activity

Glycolipid activation of invariant T cell receptor + NK T cells is sufficient to induce airway hyperreactivity independent of conventional CD4+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006 103 2782-2787. 

There are several excellent reviews summarizing SAR studies based on these five categories [5-13]. In those reviews, all of the developed analogs of 2 are summarized exhaustively with their bioactivities. In this review, we pick up some typical glycolipids, and discuss what kind of modifications lead the gly-colipid to Thl-type immunostimulants (which mean the glycolipids activating... 

Some alcohols, arylamines, and phenols are sulfated. The sulfate donor in these and other biologic sulfation reactions (eg, sulfation of steroids, glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids, and glycoproteins) is adenosine 3 -phos-phate-S -phosphosulfate (PAPS) (Chapter 24) this compound is called active sulfate. ... 

Compound lipids (phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol and its esters) that make part of the biomembrane are subject to a less active renew-al as compared with triacylglycerides. Their renewal is associated either with the restoration of an impaired portion of the membrane, or with the replacement of a defective molecule by a new one. 

Significantly highr oxygen-evolving activity of PS II incorporated into the glycolipids, Mal3(Phyt)2 and DGDG, as compared with conventional PCs is seen. 

For this purpose, Ag zeolite and Ag, developed by Garegg25 and Paulsen,26 respectively, have been widely employed (Scheme 7.6). Reactions using these activators have found practical use in synthetic studies on glycoprotein glycans and glycolipids. For instance, Paulsen reported the chemical synthesis of the core pentasaccharide structure 6 common to all types of Asn-linked glycans, using the Ag... 

Lipid transfer peptides and proteins occur in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. In vitro they possess the ability to transfer phospholipids between lipid membranes. Plant lipid transfer peptides are unspecific in their substrate selectivity. They bind phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and glycolipids. Some of these peptides have shown antifungal activity in vitro The sequences of lipid transfer proteins and peptides contain 91-95 amino acids, are basic, and have eight cysteine residues forming four disulfide bonds. They do not contain tryptophan residues. About 40% of the sequence adopts a helical structure with helices linked via disulfide bonds. The tertiary structure comprises four a-helices. The three-dimensional structure of a lipid transfer peptide from H. vulgare in complex with palmitate has been solved by NMR. In this structure the fatty acid is caged in a hydrophobic cavity formed by the helices. 

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