Epidemic analysis

Another approach, useful for the study of the first-order IPT, is to perform an epidemic analysis [32-34]. Starting from a (small) empty hole on... 

An epidemic analysis of the MM model reveals that the number of empty sites (and the rate of AB production) decays according to Eq. (7) with... 

C. A. Voigt, R. M. Zilf. Epidemic analysis of the second-order transition in the Zilf Gulari Barshad surface-reaction model. Phys Rev. E 56 R6241-R6244, 1997. 

LEE M J, WANG Z Y, LI H, CHEN L, SUN Y, GOGGO S, BALENTINE D A and YANG C S (1995) Analysis of plasma and urinary tea polyphenols in human subjects , Cancer Epidem Biomed Prev, 4, 393-9. 

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is responsible for a world-wide epidemic with approximately 170 million people infected. It was identified only in the 1980s and since that time great efforts have been made in the search for treatments. Genetic analysis of the virus revealed coding for a serine protease (NS3) and the first clinical studies on inhibitors of the protease have recently been carried out. Chapter 2 presents a review of the medicinal chemistry approaches to this target. 

Freeman, R. Sisson, P. R. Lightfoot, N. F. NcLaughlin, J. Analysis of epidemic and sporadic strains of Listeria monocytogenes by pyrolysis mass spectrometry. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1991,12,133-136. 

Gerbarg, Z.B. and Horwitz, R.I. (1988). Resolving conflicting clinical trials guidelines for meta-analysis. J. Clin. Epidem. 41 503-509. 

Numerous applications of GAs within science and other fields have appeared in the literature references to a few of them are given at the end of this chapter. The method has been used for computer learning, modeling of epidemics, the scheduling of the production of fine chemicals, the prediction of the properties of polymers, spectral analysis, and a wide variety of other investigations. In this section we consider a few examples of recent applications in chemistry. 

Vogl FD, Taioli E, Maugard C et al (2004) Glutathione S-transferases Ml, Tl, and PI and Breast Cancer A Pooled Analysis. Cancer Epidem Biomar 13(9) 1473-1479... 

The interest in periodically forced systems extends beyond performance considerations for a single reactor. Stability of structures and control characteristics of chemical plants are determined by their responses to oscillating loads. Epidemics and harvests are governed by the cycle of seasons. Bifurcation and stability analysis of periodically forced systems is especially important in the... 

According to a special analysis of NHSDA and MTF data, the United States experienced a hallucinogen use epidemic in the 90s that peaked in 1996 among predominantly white youths aged 14 to 24. Use remained approximately stable until 1999, then dropped off slightly in 2000 and 2001. This renewal of interest in LSD spurred reports on the dmg in major newspapers such as the New York Times and Washington Post, as well as on TV news programs. 

Cazalet, C., Jarraud, S., Ghavi-Helm, Y., Kunst, F., Glaser, P., Etienne, J. Buchrieser, C., Multigenome analysis identifies a worldwide distributed epidemic Legionella pneumophila clone that emerged within a highly diverse species. Genome Res 18 (2008) 431—441. 

T2] H. R. Thieme (1993), Persistence under relaxed point-dissipativity (with an application to an epidemic model), SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 24 407-35. 

As animal fats are a potential feedstock for biodiesel production, Cummins et al. (142) assessed the danger of a human contracting CJD as a result of the use of tallow as a fuel in diesel engines. They concluded that the risk was several orders of magnitude less than the rate of spontaneous appearance of CJD. Thus, scientific analysis indicates that processed (i.e., rendered) animal fat is not an agent of transmission of BSE. Nonetheless, especially in the United Kingdom, the public remains skeptical. This has in some cases led to less use of animal fats in feed applications. Especially in the United Kingdom, the BSE epidemic has reduced the amount of domestically available tallow (because of condemnation) and increased the use of other lipids in place of animal fats. 

Craxi, A., Tint, F., Vinci, M., Almasio, R, Camma, C., Garofalo, G., Ragiiaro, L. Transmission of hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses in the households of chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers a regression analysis of indicators of risk. Amer. J. Epidem. 1991 134 641-650... 

The age-adjusted mortality rates from primary pulmonary hypertension in the years immediately preceding the use of fen-phen were not different from those reported during the years of widespread use among patients aged 20-54 years. This analysis failed to support the hypothesis that the widespread use of fen-phen in the years 1992-1997 increased the incidence of primary pulmonary hypertension. If the use [of fen-phen] during these years created an epidemic of primary pulmonary hypertension, as some have declared, such an epidemic is not reflected in the mortality database maintained by CDC (65). 

After initial studies implicated the consumption of tryptophan as a major risk factor for EMS, US state and federal health agencies began investigations to further examine this association. Consumers of tryptophan were classified as either case (EMS patients) or control (non-EMS tryptophan users), and the lots of tryptophan consumed by each group were traced back to determine the tryptophan source. Before the epidemic, L-tryptophan had been manufactured by six companies, all in Japan. Analysis of the tryptophan sources for case patients and controls demonstrated a strong association between EMS and consumption of tryptophan manufactured by a single company, Showa Denko K. K. (Tokyo), a large petrochemical company. 

Epidemic model revisited) In E.xercise 3.7.6, you analyzed the Ker-mack-McKendrick model of an epidemic by reducing it to a certain first-order system. In this problem you ll see how much easier the analysis becomes in the phase plane. As before, let x(t) > 0 denote the size of the healthy population and y(f) > 0 denote the size of the sick population. Then the model is... 

CKD has been described as a silent epidemic and is a worldwide public health problem. Three different national surveys have estimated that the prevalence of CKD is at least 5% of the adnlt population when using a serum creatinine concentration of greater than 1.2 to 1.5 mg/dL as the definition.The most representative of these studies, the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III) ° projected that at least 10.9 million people had a decreased level of kidney function as evidenced by serum creatinine concentration (>1.5 mg/dL). The NHANES III analysis also revealed that the prevalence of CKD was significantly associated with age, race, gender, and hypertension the prevalence of CKD was higher in those of advanced age, black race, male gender, and a diagnosis of hypertension. 

A clinical decision support system should report at the foot of the screen all possible notifiable diseases, or diseases of current epidemic concern, for which the patient s current symptoms form a suggestive subset. For example, in the case of anthrax these are fever, general discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise), headache, shortness of breath, cough, congestion of the nose and throat, pneumonia, joint stiffness, and joint pain. But such symptoms are not confined to anthrax infection, and the physician will need to take samples for tests, and pause for results if there is no reason to suspect anthrax because of exposure to infected humans, animals, or other sources. The tests will include blood cultures positive for anthrax, chest X ray, serologic test for anthrax, and spinal tap for CSF culture and analysis. 

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