Enzymes 726 Subject index

These books contain selected abstract reprints from the U.S. Patent Gazette. They are organized into about 20 food categories and indexes are provided to assignee, inventor, and U.S. patent number. Those dealing with enzymes are not specifically identified nor is there a subject index. 

Volume 25. Regulatory functions, membrane phenomena I. Regulatory functions, id) Hormone mechanisms. (A) Allosteric effects and feedback mechanisms, (c) Enzyme induction and repression. II. Membrane phenomena, (a) Bioelectric potentials (incl. nerve impulse). (6) Secretion phenomena, (c) Cell permeability. Subject index. 

Contents P. LEFRANCIER and E. LEDERER, Chemistry of Synthetic Immunomodulant Muramyl Peptides - SUKH DEV, The Chemistry of Longifolene and Its Derivatives - W. HELLER and CH. TAMM, Homoisoflavanones and Biogenetically Related Compounds - R. G. COOKE and J. M. EDWARDS, Naturally Occurring Phenalenones and Related Compounds - C. W. JEFFORD and P. A. CADBY, Molecular Mechanisms of Enzyme-Catalyzed Dioxygenation (An Interdisciplinary Review) - Author Index - Subject Index. 

This book is based predominantly on the patent literature and provides how to data regarding the production, purification, and application of commercial enzymes. Coverage is not limited to food applications, and 70 subjects are grouped as Enzymes, Enzymatic Processing, Enzyme Stabilization, Polymer-Enzyme Products, Cell Culture, Protein Analysis, Nucleic Acids etc.. Amino Acids, Peptide Synthesis, and Applications. Indexing includes U.S. patent number, company and patent assignee, inventor, and subject. 

Phenazone, commonly known as antipyrine, is still used therapeutically in some countries, although it is now used mainly as a marker of hepatic enzyme drug metabolizing activity. It is an old compound with little recent investigation, usually taken in combination with other analgesics, and an exact analysis of its adverse effects is impossible. Phenazone seems to have a low toxicity index, in correspondence with its weak anti-inflammatory effect. Allergic reactions are very rare (SEDA-6, 92) (SEDA-14, 92) (SEDA-16,108), but subjects undergoing the phenazone test should be informed of the potential risk. 

The results of enzymatic determinations of ceruloplasmin are often expressed in arbitrary units, and the values judged in the light of a series of results obtained in normal subjects by the same method. Expression of the enzyme activity in milligrams of ceruloplasmin per unit volume of serum is also possible. The relation between oxidase activity and the amount of ceruloplasmin in serum can be determined by measuring in parallel samples of sera both the oxidase activity and the change of optical density at 610 mix before and after the addition of ascorbic acid or cyanide. On the basis of the known absorbancy index, the ceruloplasmin concentration can be calculated (see Section 2.2.1) and the relation between it and the enzyme activity determined. Alternatively, purified human ceruloplasmin can be used for standardization of the enzymatic method. The ceruloplasmin content of the purified preparation can be determined colorimetrically or, in the case of a highly purified preparation, by nitrogen analysis. Predetermined increments of ceruloplasmin can then be added to aliquots of a selected serum. It is convenient to select a serum with relatively low ceruloplasmin level to start with. Serum of a patient with Wilson s disease, some of whom have no measurable amount of enzyme activity, would be ideal for the purpose however, Walshe (W5) has recently found an inhibitor in these sera. 

Normally a fraction of the cellular enzyme complement is sufficient to maintain proper function and the regulation of activity is a function of substrate level. In the case of those subjects with partial deficiency of HPRT, it is possible to demonstrate the superiority of the intact cell assay as a measure of the true in vivo situation. In addition, these studies demonstrate the advantage of using an intact cell over the crude lysate in looking for an index of actual enzyme performance in tissues in general. 

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