Enzymes in industrial applications

Applications of enzyme technology in various industries have seen a rapid growth in the last decade. Table 14.1 shows some of the enzymes that are used in various industries. 

The food industry is a traditional market for enzymes with the frequent discovery of new enzymes applications. Pazczola (2001) provided a comprehensive review on the latest enzyme applications in the food industry. Lipase-catalyzed modifications of oils and fats, including lipase-catalyzed production of margarine, coco butter equivalents and structured lipids, represent some of those technologies that have been industrialized (Xu, 2004a). 

In the pharmaceutical industry, enzymes have significantly reduced the number of steps required for syntheses of desired compounds, by-product and waste formation in drugs manufacturing, which subsequently decreased the overall production cost. For example, the company DSM has developed a four-step enzymatic semi-synthesis of cephalexin from cephalosporin C, which is a reduction from the ten-step conventional manufacturing process. 

Lipases Lipids, esters Hydrolysis, esterification and transesterifi cation Food, effluent treatment, detergents, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals 

PecKnase Pectins Clarification of fruit juices Food and beverage 

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The use of enzymes in industrial applications has been limited, because most enzymes degrade and deactivate under the extreme temperature or pH conditions found in many... 

The use of enzymes in industrial applications has been limited by several factors such as high cost of the enzymes, availability in small amounts as well as its instability, etc. Also, the enzymes are soluble in aqueous media and it is difficult as well as expensive to recover them from reactor broth at the end of the catalytic process. This limits the use of soluble enzymes to batch operations, followed by disposal of the spent enzyme-containing solvent. 

BBC Research. In Report BIO030F. Enzymes in industrial applications global markets 2011. 

Aehle, W. (2003) Enzymes in Industry Production and Applications, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 

Pectinases are the enzyme that widely used especially in industrial applications (1, 2, 3, 4). Types of the pectinases are different concerned on their properties and the actions on the pectic substances (5). Several genus of fungi could produce pectinases eg. AspergUlus, PeniciUium, Sclerotium, Fusarium and Rhizopus (6,7). 

An important issue to be addressed in industrial applications of two-phase polymer systems for enzyme recovery is the economic or product quality requirement that the phase-forming polymers and salts be recycled. 

Enzymes in Biomass Conversion features chapters written by many of the leading international experts from universities, government research laboratories, and enzyme-producing industries. The chapters cover the enzymes of current potential importance to large-scale commercial bioconversion processes. They describe our state of knowledge about enzymes in specific applications, preferred methods for enzyme production, characteristics of the individual enzymes, and recommendations for future research. 

Brewing - PEER] (Vol 4) -enzymes in pNZYME APPLICATIONS - INDUSTRIAL] (Vol9) -malt in [MALTS AND MALTING] (Vol 15) -monitonng of piOPOLYMERS - ANALYTICALTECHNIQUES] (Vol4)... 

As research has progressed in this area, many systems have been shown to follow a similar behaviour. Such phenomena are important in the production of enzymes and metabolites. In industrial applications, these very important control mechanisms usually have to be bypassed for the reliable generation of high concentrations of enzymes. Good examples may be seen in carbohydrase production systems,... 

Gerhartz, W. Enzymes in Industry. Production and Applications Gerhartz, W., Ed. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Weinheim (Germany), 1990. 

Aehle W (2007) Enzymes in Industry - production and applications, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York... 

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