Enzyme Technology

Enzyme technology Enzyme treatment Enzymic catalysis EOD... 

The detergent industry is the largest user of industrial enzymes. The starch industry, the first significant user of enzymes, developed special symps that could not be made by means of conventional chemical hydrolysis. These were the first products made entirely by enzymatic processes. Materials such as textiles and leather can be produced in a more rational way when using enzyme technology. Eoodstuffs and components of animal feed can be produced by enzymatic processes that require less energy, less equipment, or fewer chemicals compared with traditional techniques. 

The era of modem enzyme technology began in 1874 when the Danish chemist Christian Hansen produced the first industrial batches of chymosin by extracting dried calves stomachs with saline solutions. 

FIG. 24-19 Typical death-rate data for bacterial spores (B. stearother-mophilus). To convert to F, multiply hy 1.8 and add 32 (Wang et ah, Fermentation and Enzyme Technology, Wiley-lntersdence, New York, 1979, p. 140.)... 

For a somewhat more extensive exposure to enzyme reaction kinetics, consult standard biochemistry texts and also Dixon, M. and E. C. Webb, Enzymes, 2d ed.. Academic Press, 1964 Segal, I. H., Enzyme Kinetics, Wiley, 1975 Gacesa, P. and J. Hubble, Enzyme Technology, Open University Press, England, 1987. 

Chemical Aspects of Enzyme Technology—Fundamentals, Plenum Press, New York, 1990. Various eds.. Enzyme Engineeiing, vols. 2-5, Plenum Press, New York, 1974—1980. Wingard, L. B., I. V. Berezin, and A. A. Klyosov (eds.). Enzyme Engineeiing—Future Directions, Plenum Press, 1980. 

Press, 1973. Lee, Y. Y. and G. T. Tsao, Engineering Problems of Immobilized Enzymes, ]. Food Technol, 39, 667 (1974). Messing, R. A., Immobilized Enzymes for Industrial Reactors, Academic Press, 1975. Torry, S., Enzyme Technology, Noyes DataCorp., Park Ridge, New Jersey, 1983. 

Many of these have been demonstrated with a range of antibiotics and antibiotic precursors, although relatively few have been applied commercially. We have included a list of published examples in the form of an Appendix at the end of this chapter. We do not expect you to remember the details of this Appendix. It has been included as an potential for illustration of the potential to use enzymes to modify organic molecules like antibiotics. Usin9 It should be anticipated that, as enzyme technology develops and the search for new enzymes antibiotics continues, an increasing number of enzyme-based transformation will find commercial application. 

Enzyme Technology . John Wiley Sons, New York, 1979. 

Chaplin, M.F. and Bucke, C., In Enzyme Technology . Cambridge University Press, London, 1990. 

Enzyme electrodes for other substrates of analytical significance have been developed. Representative examples are listed in Table 6-1. Further advances in enzyme technology, and particularly the isolation of new and more stable enzymes, should enhance the development of new biocatalytic sensors. New opportunities (particularly assays of new environments or monitoring of hydrophobic analytes) derive from the finding that enzymes can maintain then biocatalytic activity in organic solvents (31,32). 

Enzyme Technology, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim. 

Volume 4 Interbiotech 87. Enzyme Technologies (Blazej and Zemek, Editors)... 

Although there are many biocide alternatives available on the market, for example enzyme technology or bio-dispersants, there appears to be a continued requirement for the use of biocides in order to reduce the levels of microbiological contamination entering the paper making process. The increased awareness of environmental and safety aspects will continue to play an important role on the selection of biocides for paper making processes. The use of legislation to select biocides must be done in parallel with each plants internal risk assessment. No one biocide active will meet all the criteria set out by different European countries and hence the use of these actives must be carefully assessed on a plant by plant basis. 

Stewart, J.D., Rodriguez, S. and Kayser, M.M. (2001) Cloning, structure, and activity of ketone reductases from baker s yeast. Enzyme Technologies for Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological, Applications 175-207. 

Buchholz, K., Kasche, V. and Bornscheuer, U.T. (eds) (2005) Biocatalysts and Enzyme Technology, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 

Torrey, S. (ed)(1983) Enzyme Technology, Preparation, Purification, Stabilization, Immobilization Recent Advances, Noyes Publications, Bracknell. 

B. Feldman, R. Brazg, S. Schwartz, and R. Weinstein, A continuous glucose sensor based on wired enzyme technology. Diabetes Tech. Ther. 5, 769-779 (2003). 

Kula, M-R. in Wingard, L. B., Katchalski-Katzire, E. and Goldstein, L. (eds.) Applied Biochemistry and Bioengineering. Vol 2 Enzyme Technology. (Academic Press, New York, 1979) 71-95. 

T0293 Enzyme Technologies, Inc., Dissolved Oxygen In Situ Treatment (DO IT)... 

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