Enzyme technological advancement

Enzyme electrodes for other substrates of analytical significance have been developed. Representative examples are listed in Table 6-1. Further advances in enzyme technology, and particularly the isolation of new and more stable enzymes, should enhance the development of new biocatalytic sensors. New opportunities (particularly assays of new environments or monitoring of hydrophobic analytes) derive from the finding that enzymes can maintain then biocatalytic activity in organic solvents (31,32). 

Torrey, S. (ed)(1983) Enzyme Technology, Preparation, Purification, Stabilization, Immobilization Recent Advances, Noyes Publications, Bracknell. 

Cowan, D. (1992) Advances in feed enzyme technology. Agro-Food-Industry Hi-Tech, May/June, 2, 9-11. 

Enzyme electrodes for other substrates of analytical significance have been developed. Representative examples are listed in Table 6.1. Further advances in enzyme technology, particularly the isolation of new and more stable... 

Ultimately the distinction between biological and chemical catalysis may become less distinct as technologies for modified enzymes, enzyme mimetics, and chemoenzymatic catalysis advance. In the meantime, however, it is clear that further application of enzyme technology within industry will greatly benefit society in the twenty-first century. 

Enzyme Research Applied in Commerce. Eight years ago there might have been half as many enzymes known and perhaps a lot less was known about them compared with today. The information explosion, at least in this case, is desirable. Technological advances in enzyme manufacture involving ultrafiltration for purification and concentration and involving immobilization to permit reuse, as well as better control of the process, may now make feasible a process that was only a laboratory demonstration. 

Sometimes technological advances create new problems. As we find more ways to extend the shelf of life of processed foods, we then confront new problems causing product acceptability loss. These new problems may provide opportunities for the application of enzymes, new and old, to food products. Indirect technological advances such as those in the packaging industry can often have an effect on storage life of products, such as improved oxygen or moisture barriers or substantially less expen-... 

MODERN TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES RELATED TO ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY... 

Advances in the understanding of structure-activity/selectivity relations for enzymes evolving from the use of x-ray, NMR, and other instrumental methods for characterization of enzyme structures should contribute to the development of improved immobilized enzyme systems for both analytical and industrial applications. Immobilized enzyme technology has enormous potential, but significant advances on several fronts are necessary prior to widespread industrial use of this technology. Katchalski-Katzir has discussed this problem in a review of past successes and failures in efforts to employ immobilized enzymes in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemicals industries. ... 

In the past, only tablet dosage forms of enzymatic cleaners were available. They required soaking lenses in solutions prepared from a tablet for a period of 15 minutes to more than 2 hours before disinfecting the lenses. Although this process provided sufficient time for cleaning, it was a cumbersome process and required multiple steps. A complicated or cumbersome process inevitably leads to poor user compliance. Enzymes in aqueous liquid compositions are inherently unstable. New technological advances have led to the stabilization of enzymes in liquid vehicles, which are compatible with soft and RGP contact lenses (393). The newer products are either in a tablet or a solution product form. Simultaneous cleaning and disinfection can be achieved, which reduces care time and the need for multiple steps (394). 

Enzymes have become integral components of most liquid detergent compositions as they continue to play an increasing role in the stain removal process. This has come about due to many recent advances in enzyme technology and has resulted in more efficient and effective strains. The ability of these enzymes to target specific classes of stains can provide the formulator with the flexibility to tailor the development of products for consumers with different requirements and preferences. In addition, enzymes are especially effective when the liquid detergent is used as a prespotter. 

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