Environmental Specimen Banks

Oxynos K, Schmitzer J, Kettrup A. 1993. Herring gull eggs as bioindicators for chlorinated hydrocarbons contribution to the German Federal Environmental Specimen Bank. Sci Total Environ 140 387-398. 

Emons H, ed. (1997) Biological Environmental Specimen Banking (besb 2) 2nd International Symposium and Workshop held at Stockholm, Sweden 20-23 May 1996, Chemosphere Vol 34 Nos. 9 and 10. 

Stoepplbr M and Zeisler R, eds. (1993) Biological environmental specimen banking. A collection of papers presented at the ist International Symposium on Biological Environmental Specimen Banking. Vienna, Austria, 22-25 September 1991. Sci Total Environ, Vols. 139 and 140. Tanner JT (1984) The FDA-IFC infant formula methods study and standards for organic nutrients. In Wolf WR, ed. Biological Reference Materials, pp 197-205. John Wiley Sons. 

ScHiADOT JD, Backhaus F, Burow M, Froning M, Mohl C, Ostapczuk P, Rossbach M (1993) Collection, preparation and characterization of fresh, marine candidate reference materials of the German Environmental Specimen Bank. Fresenius [ Anal Chem 345 137-139. 

New sampling methods are also required for the monitoring of solid samples. The Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) of Germany has developed devices for sampling suspended particulate matter and sediments. In both purposes, sampling and freezing are carried out in the field. For example, Fig. 15 shows the device used in sediment monitoring [48]. 

Ricking M (2007) Sampling methods of SPM and sediments within the environmental specimen bank (ESB) of Germany. In Proceedings of the RISKBASE 1st Thematic Workshop, Lisbon, pp 98-100... 

Third, continued periodic monitoring of fishery and wildlife resources is important, especially in areas with potential for reservoir development, in light of the hypothesis that increased flooding increases the availability of mercury to biota. The use of museum collections for mercury analysis is strongly recommended for monitoring purposes. For example, the Environmental Specimen Bank at the Swedish Museum of Natural History constitutes a base for ecotoxicological research and for spatial and trend monitoring of mercury and other contaminants in Swedish fauna (Odsjo et al. 1997). 

Odsjo, T., A. Bignert, M. Olsson, L. Asplund, U. Eriksson, L. Haggberg, K. Litzen, C. de Wit, C. Rappe, and K. Aslund. 1997. The Swedish environmental specimen bank — application in trend monitoring of mercury and some organohalogenated compounds. Chemosphere 34 2059-2066. 

Schroter-Kennani C, Helm D, Hermann T, et al. 2000. The German environmental specimen bank-application in trend monitoring of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human blood. Organohalogen Compounds 47 49-52. 

Wise SA, Zeisler R. 1984. The pilot environmental specimen bank program. Environ Sci Technol 18 302a-307a. 

Environmental Specimen Banking Volume Editors S. A. Wise and P. P. R. Becker Vol. 3/S, 2006... 

German Environmental Specimen Bank Established to systematically collect, process, characterize, and store environmental samples. Blood and other human specimens have been collected since 1981 from about 100 unexposed persons (German Federal Environmental Agency 2006). 

Lee et al. (1995) defined environmental-specimen banking as a longterm, stable storage of specimens sampled from the physical environment,... 

The German Environmental Specimen Bank, initiated in 1985, annually samples and archives specimens to determine the effectiveness of environmental regulations and to conduct retrospective monitoring (European Commission 2004). The bank collects six types of human specimens— whole blood, blood plasma, scalp hair, pubic hair, saliva, and 24-hour urine samples from people 20-29 years old in four cities (Munster, Halle/ Saale, Greifswald, and Ulm). Screening is conducted to determine the pres-... 

The Swedish Environmental Specimen Bank is a centralized storage bank that has been operational for 20 years. It conducts annual sampling of a variety of environmental and human specimens for use in a number of studies, including retrospective analyses. Regional banks store human blood for use in these studies (European Commission 2004). 

German Federal Environmental Agency. 2006. Environmental Specimen Bank [online]. Available http //www.umweltbundesamt.de/uba-info-daten-e/daten-e/umweltprobenbank-des-bundes.htm [accessed July 7, 2006]. 

Gunter, E.W. 1997. Biological and environmental specimen banking at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chemosphere 34(9/10) 1945-1953. 

Sriramachari, S., Chandra, H. (1997). The lessons of Bhopal [toxic] MIC gas disaster scope for expanding global biomonitoring and environmental specimen banking. Chemo-sphere 34 2237-50. 

F. Soggia, S. Dalla Riva, M. L. Abelmoschi, R. Frache, Antarctic environmental specimen bank a tool for chemical monitoring, Ann. Chim (Rome), 90 (2000), 129-135. 

F. Soggia, C. lanni, E. Magi, R. Frache, Antarctic Environmental Specimen Bank. In Environmental Contamination in Antarctica A Challenge to Analytical Chemistry, S. Caroli, P. Cescon, D. W. H. Walton (Eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam (this Book, Chapter 12, p. 305). 

Figure 12.1. Logo of the Antarctic Environmental Specimen Bank (Banca Campioni Ambientali Antartici, BCCA).

H. Emons, J. D. Schladot, M. J. Schwugher, Environmental specimen banking in Germany present state and further challenges, Chcmosphere. 34 (1997), 1867-1873. 

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