Environmental Depot

Rosenblatt, D.H. "Environmental Risk Assessment for Four Munitions-related Contaminants at Savanna Army Depot Activity," Technical Report 8110, U.S. Army Medical Bioengineering Research and Development Laboratory, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, November 1981, AD A116650. 

All funds for the construction of baseline incineration facilities at Blue Grass Army Depot in Richmond, Kentucky, and Pueblo Chemical Depot in Pueblo, Colorado, should be frozen until the effectiveness of alternative technologies and their ability to comply with safety and environmental requirements were reported to Congress. 

The contamination of the environment by explosives, especially by nitroesters and nitroaromatics (NACs), is a worldwide environmental problem since enormous amounts of these compounds were produced during World War I and II. Most contaminated sites are located at ammunition factories and other places where these compounds were handled. This involved open detonation and burning of explosives at army depots, evaluation facilities, artillery ranges, and ordnance disposal sites (Rodgers and Bunce, 2001). 

In April 2000, the Army published a notice of intent (NOI) to prepare a site-specific environmental impact statement (EIS) for a facility to destroy the mustard agent and munitions stored at Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD) in accordance with National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requirements. Four technology options are under consideration the baseline incineration system, a modified baseline process, and the two neutralization-based2 processes noted... 

ADEM issued a permit (AL3210020027) to the U.S. Department of the Army, Anniston Army Depot the U.S. Department of the Army, ANCDF Field Office (ANCDF site) and Westinghouse Government Environmental Services Company EEC to operate a hazardous waste storage and treatment facility. 

The Oregon Environmental Quality Commission issued a permit (ORQ 000 009 431) to the U.S. Army, as represented by the Umatilla Chemical Depot and the Washington Demilitarization Company, LLC, to operate a hazardous waste treatment and storage chemical demilitarization facility located in Umatilla County in Hermiston, Oregon, off Interstate Hwy-84 at exit 177. 

IDEM (Indiana Department of Environmental Management). 2006. Hazardous Waste Management Permit, Newport Chemical Depot, June 21. Indianapolis, Ind. Indiana Department of Environmental Management. 

UDEQ (Utah Department of Environmental Quality). 2001. Title V Operating Permit for Deseret Chemical Depot, June 19. Salt Lake City, Utah Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Air Quality. 

IDEM (Indiana Department of Environmental Management). 2006. Hazardous Waste Management Permit, Newport Chemical Depot, June 21. Indianapolis, Ind. Indiana Department of Environmental Management. Jordan, K., and R. Kaminski. 2001. Status of JACADS Carbon Microniza-tion System (CMS). Technical Bulletin January-March 15-17. 

Army. 1981c. Environmental survey of Fort Linage Depot Activity Gallup, New Mexico. Gallup, NM Fort Wingate Army Depot Activity. Document no. AD B064866. 

Carnes, S.A., J.A. Boyette, F.C. Kornegay, et al. 1986. Preliminary Assessment of the Health and Environmental Impacts of Incinerating M55 Rockets Stored at Pine Bluff Arsenal, Lexington-Blue Grass Depot Activity, and/or Anniston Army Depot at Pine Blujf Arsenal. ORNL-6197. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN. 

Insecticides with systemic action are taken up relatively quickly by the plants and transported into the vascular system. According to the type of application, uptake occurs through the roots or the parts of the plant above ground. Distribution is chiefly by the xylem, but is also possible by the phloem and by diffusion from cell to cell. The persistence of activity is dependent on the type of substance, the intensity of breakdown in the plant or the soil, and environmental conditions. A much longer period of protection can be maintained if, by application of granulates at drilling or planting out, a depot of the substance is created in the soil from which the active substance is released slowly and taken up by the plants. 

The landfilling of paint containers with leftover contents is another environmental issue. In most jurisdictions these are not accepted in landfill sites because of their potential for contamination of the soil, so waste paint is normally collected at a special depot, along with other household hazardous waste. The paint industry has developed techniques for collecting paint from these waste depots, testing for contamination, and reformulating the paint into a usable product. 

Currently, USATHAMA is investigating or cleaning up environmental problems at over 83 installations. These include depots and equipment rebuild facilities, ammunition plants, and installations listed in the ccngressionally mandated base closure plan. In this work a wide variety of contaminates have been encountered from sources such as plating sludges, degreasers, paint and solvent wastes, and fuels/lubricants. 

Kentucky Division of Emergency Management Blue Grass Chemical Activity Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives Blue Grass Army Depot... 

Rocket Motor and Fuel Disposal With the reduction of military forces in the United States and worldwide, rocket motors are being removed from service and reduced in number. The motors are being shipped to munitions depots for storage and for disposal. The disposal method presently used is open bum/open detonation, which can result in explosions that scatter motor parts and contaminate the environment with unbumed propellant. An effective and environmentally sound alternative to open bum/open detonation is required. 

The U.S. Army Environmental Center (USAEQ recently completed a demonstration of windrow composting of explosives-contaminated sods at Umatilla Depot Activity (UMDA) in Hermiston, Oregon. This demonstration represented the second phase of field studies conducted at UMDA, and was part of an ongoing effort to develop a composting system which can provide an economical and effective alternative to incineration for the treatment of explosives-contaminated soils and sediments. 

One class of compounds does deserve special attention—those chemicals that are very fat soluble. These include the older chlorinated pesticides, such as DDT, and some environmental contaminants, such as the PCBs (the polychlorinated biphenyls) and dioxins. In these cases, low levels of intact chemicals, if absorbed, may encounter the body s final defense mechanism. This defense is to store the compounds in fat and milk, a paradoxical strategy that the body uses to sequester away chemicals into a storage site (or depot) where they can do no harm to the rest of the body, ft s conceptually the prison system of the body. The absorption and distribution into fat greatly reduces the concentration of chemicals at other body sites and thus serves to blunt the impact of the exposure. Similarly, this simple method of diluting the absorbed chemical often keeps the concentration below an effect level and gives the overworked liver time to try to destroy them. 

Despatches by rail can be cheaper per tonne of product and more acceptable from an environmental viewpoint. They require suitable rail reception facilities and are particularly suitable for supplying distribution depots and large-offtake, long-term customers. In general, rail becomes more competitive relative to road transport as the distance from the quarry to the customer increases. 

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