Environmental Assessment Tool for

The preparation of such mass balances can become very tedious. For this reason, the Environmental Assessment Tool for Organic Syntheses (EATOS ) was developed to provide... 

EATOS Environmental Assessment Tool for Organic Syntheses... 

In 2002, Eissen and Metzger proposed EATOS (an environmental assessment tool for organic syntheses), an environmental performance metrics for daily use in synthetic chemistry [11]. This tool allows rapid quantitative assessment of both the E-factor and the potential environmental impact (PEI, Sheldon s Q) of a process. They also provided a PC software application to perform this calculation, which is available from them [12]. With this tool, Sheldon s Q can be quantitatively assessed for both the feedstock and the output (product and wastes) of a multistep synthesis. The assessment is made on the basis of the available substance s ecotoxicological and human toxicological data. 

Eissen, M. and Metzger, J.O., EATOS (Environmental Assessment Tool for Organic Syntheses). http //www.chemie. 

Two biocatalytic routes were also developed to the pilot stage by Ciba-Geigy, namely the enantioselective reduction of the corresponding a-keto acid with immobihzed Proteus vulgaris (route A in Scheme 12.10) and with D-LDH in a membrane reactor (route B), respechvely. It was therefore of interest to compare the four approaches. The EATOS (Environmental Assessment Tool for Organic Syntheses) program was used to compare the mass consumption (kg input of raw materials for 1 kg of product) as well as other parameters [28]. 

Assumptions used by the Environmental Assessment Tool for Organic Synthesis (EATOS) [8] program when masses of auxiliary materials are not reported in experimental procedures are as follows ... 

Mass index (MI) is defined as the total mass used in a process/process step divided by the mass of product and it is approximately the E-factor plus one. A software package, the Environmental Assessment Tool for Organic Syntheses (EATOS), has been designed to calculate some of these metrics. More elaborate assessments such as life cycle assessment (LCA), could be performed, but this is also beyond the scope of this chapter. Our objective is to provide a preliminary assessment for the community to determine if further development of any guanidine organocatalysis is appropriate for use in green chemistry. 

The environmental impact of these two processes was investigated and compared following three different methods based on atom economy. At first, the reactions were analyzed according to Environmental Assessment Tool for Organic Syntheses (EATOS) [44] program, which takes into account the quantity and quality both of chemicals employed during the process and of waste material. 

Since the mid-2000 s, several groups have addressed the problem of quantif5dng Q. For example, Eissen and Metzger [28] developed the Environmental Assessment Tool for Organic Syntheses (EATOS) software in which metrics related to health hazards and persistence and bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity were used to determine the environmental index of the input (substrates, solvents, etc.) and the output (product and waste). Similarly, Saling and coworkers at BASE [29-31] introduced eco-efficiency analyses, which took both economic and environmental aspects into account, including energy, raw materials, emissions, toxicity, hazards, and land use. 

The implementation of environmental assessment tools is complicated at all levels, for many reasons. It must, how ever, be an essential part of all the processes. 

ASTER. 1995. ASTER (Assessment Tools for the Evaluation of Risk) ecotoxicity profile. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory. Mid-Continent Ecology Division. 

Best, A., Giljum, S., Simmons, C., Blobel, D., Lewis, K., Hammer, M., Cavalieri, S., Lutter, S., Maguire, C., 2008. Potential of the Ecological Footprint for Monitoring Environmental Impacts from Natural Resource Use Analysis of the Potential of the Ecological Footprint and Related Assessment Tools for Use in the EU s Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources. Report to the European Commission, DG Environment. 

Life cycle assessment (LCA) - an environmental management tool for evaluating the environmental impacts of products and services from cradle to grave in their life cycles (Baumann and Cowell 1999)... 

An environmental health rapid assessment tool for use by EHOs accessing affecting sites immediately postcyclone divides assessment into key themes of drinking water, sewerage, waste, asbestos, food safety, personal hygiene, vectors, and chemical hazards. The tool has a section for EHOs for prioritizing environmental health issues and priorities in line with the key themes. 

These examples of eontext-based instructional practices are diverse and evaluation for eaeh requires its own methodology. Therefore, there is a great need in the chemieal edueation eommunity for more published examples of practices and assessment tools for ehemieal educators. This volume of papers provides examples for those interested in applying chemistry eoneepts to environmental topics to stimulate student learning. 

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