Environmental analysis government regulation

A leader in applying PSA to other parts of the chemical process industry has been the AlChf. s Center for Chemical Process Safety. A major difference between PSA for nuclear power and PSA for chemical processing has been the lack of government regulations that require risk analysis for chemical processes. A primary impetuous has been the Occupational Safety and Health Administration s (OSHA) PSM rule that defines the application of PSA to the chemical industry for ihc proteciion of the public and workers. In addition, the Environmental Protection Agcrii, . (EPA) regulates waste disposal. 

At the same time, their case study analysis shows that firms innovative behaviour has to satisfy economic constraints, and that environmental issues are conditioned by the search for technology efficiency and effectiveness. When the government regulation defines precise standards, and imposes precise prohibitions, these are clear targets that have to be considered in the innovative activity. Hence, innovative problems encountered by firms are not within the regulation itself, but they are related to the time needed to satisfy the standards according to the regulation. 

In environmental analysis, clinical chemistry and pharmaceutical measurements, for example, QA is mandatory, because of obvious safety reasons and corresponding regulations. Also in analytical chemistry QA is becoming increasingly obligatory due to specific regulations but also due to customer requirements, e.g. government contracts. 

The analysis of these materials is even more critical with increased interest in their environmental impact on ecological systems and human health. A number of frequently used additives, such as phthalate and adipate plasticizers have been identified as environmental pollutants, and the fate of these chemicals is the subject of ongoing studies. Concern over the total composition of plastics has increased the focus on the total life cycle of polymeric materials. Government attention to toxic substances has increased over the years through the US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and the REACH initiative in the EU. These regulations may prohibit or otherwise impact the exportability of the plastic goods or other products that come in contact with the plastics. This, coupled with increased consumer attention and disclosures of chemicals in consumer products, has increased the need for a more complete analysis of polymeric materials. Combustion of rubber... 

See Appendix I for a more detailed set of requirements. Specific issues include mission requirements, potential burnup criteria, heat rejection, economic resources, environmental impact, safety, technology development risk, completion schedule, repository issues, social and political acceptance, and diversion and proliferation. In addition to these issues, others that need to be considered include plutonium handling, waste disposal, environmental regulations, safety regulations and analysis, safeguards and security, technology development, economic analysis, and government and public policies. A variety of reactor concepts exists, and each concept has unique and specific concerns. The intent is not to present a complete set of requirements, but to briefly discuss a few selected issues. 

---