Regulations government

Under the pressure of progressively more stringent government regulations with regard to permissible levels of residual NH and urea content in wastewaters, the fertilizer industry made an effort to improve wastewater treatment (see also Water, sewage). 

Although ASTM specifies certain quaUty levels, there are a number of factors that contribute to other quaUty levels in the marketplace. At times, government regulations are more restrictive than ASTM specifications, especiaHy with respect to environmental issues. Secondly, competitive forces may encourage companies to provide fuel quaUty that is better than that defined by ASTM. Thirdly, ASTM specifications do not have the force of law, and certain companies may decide to exceed or not meet their recommended values. In response to this last factor, some states have adopted ASTM fuel quahty specifications as state regulations, thus forcing a minimum quaUty level in the field. 

The latest government regulations set forth under the Toxic Substances Control Act and in PubHc Health Service pubHcations should be checked before formulating new lubricants. Users of lubricants should request Material Safety Data Sheets for each substance involved plus certification of compliance from vendors. Lubricant compounders should insist on similar information from their suppHers for any additive packages. Manufacturers of both additives and lubricants commonly make toxicity checks on commercial products. 

Secondary sources of data are useful when they exist. Databases (qv) of pubUshed information have been assembled, and market researchers can tap them provided their company buys the service. These databases can save the market analyst many hours of work. The services also provide much of the general sociopolitical—economic background needed, such as petroleum (qv) prices, government regulations, foreign competition, etc. 

Outlook. Total 1991 U.S. ink consumption was estimated at about 86 x 10 kg valued at over 3.0 biUion. The demand is estimated to grow at an average of about 3—4% per year in volume (26). The principal changes expected in the 1990s will continue to be in response to environmental and safety concerns and government regulations. The bulk of printing inks use raw materials based on fossil fuels, such as coal (qv) and petroleum (qv). 

The appHcabiHty of many of the government regulations are based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) of the process and/or faciHty. 

Principal health and safety concerns involve contact with foodstuffs and dmgs. U.S. government regulations governing the use of additives such as... 

Canadian. By government regulation, Canadian whiskeys contain no distilled spidts less than three years old. They are usually blended products and are often up to six years of age. Canadian whisky tends to be light bodied and deHcate in flavor. The Canadian government sets no limitations as to mashing formulas, distilling proofs, or types of cooperage used in maturation. 

Chromium Exposure Levels and U.S. Government Regulations. The level of exposure to chromium compounds for employees in industry and for the general population via waste disposal and industrial emissions is the subject of much regulation, research, and controversy. Some U.S. Government regulations, such as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and LiabiUty Act (CERCLA), also known as the Superfund Act, make no distinction as to the oxidation state of chromium (144). However, there is valence distinction in other regulations. 

Notify a physician immediately. A suggested procedure for physicians or nurses is intravenous administration of 0.3 g (10 mL of a 3% solution) of sodium nitrite at the rate of 2.5 mL/min followed by 12.5 g (50 mL of a 25% solution) of sodium thiosulfate at the same rate. Watch the patient for 24 to 48 h, especially in cases of ingestion or skin absorption. If symptoms reappear, repeat the injections in half the original amounts. These solutions should be kept readily available. In some cases, first aid personnel have been trained to use the intravenous medication subject to government regulations. 

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