Eniwetok Atoll

Gorbman, A. and M.S. James. 1963. An exploratory study of radiation damage in the thyroids of coral reef fishes from the Eniwetok Atoll. Pages 385-399 in V. Schultz and A.W. Klement, Jr. (eds.). Radioecology. Reinhold, New York. 

Temperatures in the range of 20 to 100 million degrees Celsius are required for fusion reactions. For this reason, a hydrogen bomb is triggered by a conventional fission atomic bomb. The atomic bomb produces the tremendous heat necessary to fuse hydrogen nuclei therefore, fusion bombs are often referred to as thermonuclear. The United States exploded the first hydrogen bomb on Eniwetok Atoll in the Pacific Ocean on November 1, 1952. This bomb was based on the fusion of deuterium ... 

ENiWETOK ATOLL, RUNiT ISLAND (8 nuclear detonations between 1948 and 1958) ... 

All known isotopes of einsteinium are radioactive. The first evidence of lltcir existence was obtained by ion-exchange methods applied lo coral rocks obtained from Eniwetok Atoll alter (he thermonuclear explosion. The first pure isotope found was 3,3Es produced by prolonged treatment of plutonium-239 with neutrons in the Area. Idaho. Testing Reactur. The most stable is JMEs. half-life 270 days, and therefore the mass number 254 is carried in the atomic weight tabic. Others include - Es- Es. 48Es- Es, and s Es. Es. 

Schmalz R.F. (1971) Beachrock formation at Eniwetok Atoll, In Carbonate Cements (ed. O.P. Bricker), pp. 17-24. John Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore, MD. 

The 100th element of the expanded Periodic Table was first sighted in the dust of a nuclear explosion set off in 1952 at Eniwetok atoll in the Pacific. When Enrico Fermi, one of great builders of the atomic age, was killed by cancer late in 1954, his fame was immortalized in the name of this new element, fermium. Finally, element No. 101 was created out of element 99 and named mendelevium. But this is not the end of element creation, for Seaborg predicated that within the next few years at least seven more elements would be synthesized. 

Sargent and Austin, 1949). These studies were followed by the landmark work of Odum and Odum (1955) and subsequendy the Symbios project in Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands in the Pacific, (Webb and Wiebe, 1975 Webb 1975 Wiebeela/., 1975) which enabled a big picture idea of the net fluxes of nutrients cycUngon reefs. 

Coral sand (saturated) Eniwetok Atoll (Pace) 2.00... 

Einsteinium was discovered by a research team from the University of California at Berkeley. The team was led by Albert Ghiorso (1915-). The element was discovered in the ashes after the first hydrogen bomb test in November 1952 at Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, in the Pacific Ocean. The discovery was a remarkable accomplishment because no more than a hundred millionth of a gram of the element was present. It was detected because of the characteristic radiation it produced. 

Marshall, N., 1965. Detritus over the reef and its potential contribution to adjacent waters of Eniwetok Atoll. Ecology, 46 343—344. 

Odum, H.T. and Odum, E.P. (1955) Trophic structure and productivity of a windward coral reef community on Eniwetok Atoll. Ecological Monographs, 25, 1415—1444. 

Smith, S.V. and Marsh, J.A. (1973) Organic carbon production on the windward reef flat of Eniwetok Atoll. limnology and Oceanography, 18, 953-961. 

Webb, K.L., Paul, W.D.D., Wiebe, W., Sottile, W. and Johannes, R.E. (1975) Enewetak (Eniwetok) Atoll aspects of the nitrogen cycle on a coral reef. Limnology and Oceanography, 20, 198-209. 

Duce RA, Aeimoto R, Ray BJ, Unni CK and Harder PJ (1983) Atmospheric trace dements at Eniwetok Atoll 1, Concentrations, sources and temporal variability. J Geophys Res 88 5321-5342. 

ENIWETOK ATOLL, AUGUST 1964 Whole marine algae vs. whole marine fishes ... 

Iodine-131 (half-life of 8 days) may cause deleterious effects in marine teleosts -although 1 concentrations in tissues were not detectable. In one case, coral reef fishes from Eniwetok Atoll collected as long as 8 months after a nuclear explosion had thyroid necroalteration, suggesting a thyrotoxic level of 1 in the enviromnent. Laboratory studies with teleosts injected with I showed similar signs of histopathology. Herbivorous fishes and species that habitually consumed bivalve mollusks were the most severely affected. 

Very heavy elements have been detected under circumstances where very intense neutron fluxes were produced. Such is the case for a few microseconds after a thermonuclear explosion. Isotopes of einsteinium and fermium were first discovered in the debris of the first thermonuclear explosion detonated at Eniwetok Atoll in November 1952 [2,5]. It is possible that elements of atomic number greater than 100 might have been detected had the debris been examined immediately after the explosion. The route whereby elements of high atomic number are formed in the detonation of a thermonuclear device is again multiple neutron capture in which is a component of the device. Thus, the synthesis... 

---