Enflurane

Synonyms Ethrane 2-chloro-l,l,2-triflu-oro ethyl difluoromethyl ether 

Toxicology. Enflurane is a general anesthetic used for inducing clinical anesthesia. 

Exposure of humans at 15,000-20,OOOppm causes anesthesia. At levels of 42 00-53 00 ppm for 30 minutes, cognitive tests indicated a performance decrement for remembering word pairs.  

No signs of liver, kidney, or testicular damage was observed in mice administered 5000ppm 4 hours/day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks. Chronic administration of enflurane at 3000ppm for up to 78 weeks did not lead to an increased incidence of neoplasia in Swiss/ICR mice. Similarly, no carcinogenic effect was observed in another study in which treatment started in utero.  

The lARC has determined that there is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of enflurane in animals and that it is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.  

A solution of 223.2 g of 6 arbethoxv-5,6,73-tetrahydro-3(2H)pvrido[4,3 ] pyridazinone in 1 liter of concentrated hydrochloric acid is heated to the boil at reflux for 22 hours while stirring. The mixture Is concentrated in a vacuum, and the resulting crude crystalline hydrochloride of 5,6,73-tetrahydro-3(2H)pyrido[4,3 l pyridazinone, having a melting point of 307°C to 310°C (decomposed from methanol), is suspended in 0.75 liter of methanol, and 

4 liter of triethylamine is slowly added to the suspension. After stirring for 15 minutes and cooling the violet suspension, the crude basa is obtained. 25 g of the crude base are recrystallized from 300 cc of methanol, mixed with 10 cc of concentrated ammonia and 40 cc of water, with the addition of a small amount of coal. 5,6,73-Tetrahydro-3(2H)pyrido[4,3 l-pyridazinone has a melting point of 223°C to 225°C (decomp.). 

A mixture of 12.6 g of benzoyl chloride in 100 cc of ethylene chloride is added dropwise to a suspension of 25.6 g of 3 hloro-5,6,73-tetrahydropyrido[43 l pyridazine maleate in 250 cc of ethylene chloride and 21.8 g of triethylamine within 18 minutes at room temperature while stirring. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for a further 14 hours, 200 cc of water are added, the organic phase is separated and concentrated to an oil in a vacuum. Upon adding ether/dimethoxy ethane to this oil, crude 6-ben zoy I-3 h loro-5,6,7 3-tetrahydropy rido-[43 ] pyridazine is obtained. After recrystallization from absolute ethanol with the addition of a small amount of coal, the compound has a melting point of 125°C to 127°C (decomp.). Displacement of the halogen with hydrazine leads to the formation of endralazine. 

Chemical Name 2-chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2-trifluoroethane Common Name — 

Structural Formula CHFjOCFjCHFCI Chemical Abstracts Registry No. 13838-16-9 

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Energy products Energy recovery Energy Security Act Energy storage Energy value Enflurane [13838-16-9]... 

Enflurane [13838-16-9]C Engel-Precht process Engine coolants... 

Enflura.ne, Enflurane or Ethrane, 2-chloro-l,l,2-tri luoroethyl difluoromethyl 3838-16-9] was synthesized in 1963. This agent is a mildly... 

Sevoflurane. Sevoflurane, l,l,l,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl fluromethyl ether [28523-86-6] is nonpungent, suggesting use in induction of anesthesia. The blood/gas partition coefficient is less than other marketed products (Table 1) yet similar to nitrous oxide, suggesting fast onset and recovery. In animal studies, recovery was faster for sevoflurane than for isoflurane, enflurane, or halothane (76). Sevoflurane is stable to light, oxygen, and metals (28). However, the agent does degrade in soda lime (77). 

An isomer of enflurane named isoflurane (l-chloro-2,2,2-tnfluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether) does not produce uncontrolled movements, is nonflammable, and IS metabolized to an even lesser extent than enflurane [7] As of this wntmg, isoflurane is the fastest growing anesthebc m more economically developed coun tries, but because of cost, it has not overtaken halothane in the rest of the world... 

Acetazolamide Bucloxic acid Butalamine HCI Chlorotrianisene Chlorquinaldol Clenbuterol Diazoxide Enflurane Floxacillin Flucloronide Isoflurophate Lindane Methazolamide Metoclopramide HCI Oxacillin sodium Chloroacetaldehyde Benzthiazide... 

One of the latest resolutions of the anesthetic enflurane (8) has been performed by preparative GC on a y-cyclodextrin CSP, the process later being scaled-up via SMB [109] (Fig. 1-4). This is the first GC-SMB separation described. 

The anesthesiologist selects the anesthetic drug that will produce safe anesthesia, analgesia (absence of pain), and in some surgeries, effective skeletal muscle relaxation. General anesthesia is most commonly achieved when the anesthetic vapors are inhaled or administered intravenously (IV). Volatile liquid anesthetics produce anesthesia when their vapors are inhaled. Volatile liquids are liquids that evaporate on exposure to air. Examples of volatile liquids include halothane, desflurane, and enflurane. Gas anesthetics are combined with oxygen and administered by inhalation. Examples of gas anesthetics are nitrous oxide and cyclopropane. 

Enflurane (Ethrane) is a volatile liquid anesthetic that is delivered by inhalation. Induction and recovery from anesthesia are rapid. Muscle relaxation for abdominal surgery is adequate, but greater relaxation may be necessary and may require the use of a skeletal muscle relaxant. Enflurane may produce mild stimulation of respiratory and bronchial secretions when used alone Hypotension may occur when anesthesia deepens. 

Diphenylmethane diisocyanate, see Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate, MDI Enflurane 8.7... 

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