Encephalitis vaccination against

Kurane I, Takasaki T. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the current inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine against different Japanese encephalitis virus strains. Vaccine 2000 18(Suppl 2) 33-5. 

Japanese encephalitis vaccine Inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus Active immunization against viral agents causing Japanese encephalitis... 

A 21-year-old American military recruit, moderately obese, collapsed during a 3-mile run and was asystohc and hyperthermic (rectal temperature 42.2 C) he could not be resuscitated. Only 75 minutes earlier he had received vaccinations against typhoid and Japanese encephalitis and he was taking over-the-counter pseudoephedrine to promote weight loss. 

Japanese encephalitis vaccine has been reviewed (2). A supplementary volume of the journal Vaccine has dealt with results presented at a WHO meeting held in Bangkok, Thailand, in 1998 (3-6). Comprehensive data were provided on the epidemiological and virological situation in southeast Asia and Australia, control measures, vaccine production capacities, and different vaccines against Japanese encephalitis. Adverse events after the use of inactivated mouse brain vaccine (the only vaccine that is currently licensed for international use) have been reviewed in detail (3). 

Lindemayr H, Drobil M, Ebner H. Impfreaktionen nach Tetanus- und Fruhsommer-meningoenzephalitisschutzimp-fung durch Merthiolat (Thiomersal). [Reactions to vaccinations against tetanus and tick-borne encephalitis caused by merthiolate (thiomersal).] Hautarzt 1984 35(4) 192-6. 

Trade name Japanese encephalitis vaccine (Novartis) Indications Active immunization against Japanese encephalitis for adults. 

During the 1970s, together with the Institute of Hygiene of Vienna University, the development and production of a vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis from chicken embryonic cells was successfully implemented. 

Jahrling PB, Stephenson EH. Protective efficacies of live attenuated and formaldehyde-inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vaccines against aerosol challenge in hamsters. J Clin Microbiol. 1984 19(3) 429—431. 

A 34-year-old woman with immune thrombocytopenic purpura was treated with splenectomy and was immunized against pneumococci, meningococci, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. She had been well for 3 years, but 2 weeks after a first dose of tick-borne encephalitis vaccine (FSME-Immun, Baxter ), her platelet count fell to 37 x 10 /l. She was given dexamethasone 40 mg/day for 4 days and her platelet count normalized and remained stable. 

The third example we will mention is the adjuvanticity of poly(ICLC) with a killed vaccine against Venezuelan Equine encephalitis virus, which is shown in Figure 2. The upper part of this figure shows the production of antibody to the vaccine without poly(ICLC). The vaccine was given twice, as indicated. The lower part of the figure shows the increased. 

For active immunization against Japanese encephalitis for individuals older than 1 year Same as for BCG vaccine Three doses given to adults and children > 3 years 1 mLSC on days 0, 7, and 30 children 1-3 years 0.5 mLSC on days 0, 7, and 30... 

Nanning W. Prophylactic effect of antivaccinia gamma-globulin against post-vaccinal encephalitis. Bull World Health Organ 1962 27 317-24. 

While not recommended for routine administration, vaccines additional to those represented in the juvenile programme are available for individuals in special risk categories. These categories relate to occupational risks or risks associated with travel abroad. Such immunization protocols include those directed against cholera, typhoid, meningitis (type A), anthrax, hepatitis A and B, influenza, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, tick-borne encephalitis and yellow fever. 

Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine is indicated for primary inunnnization (1 mL/SC on days 0, 7, and 30) and booster immunization (1 mL/SC after 2 years) against Japanese encephalitis. 

The occurrence of obesity was correlated with the neurovirulence of the virus strain (Bernard et al, 1999). Prior vaccination with a vaccinia recombinant coding for CDV surface antigens partially protected against acute encephalitis and obesity (Sixt et al., 1998 Wild et al., 1993). Neuroadapted CDV strain inoculation by other routes (intranasal, footpad, and subcutaneous) does not produce obesity, suggesting that viral replication in the brain is a prerequisite for development of obesity, as suggested by Bernard et al. (1999). 

Wild, T.F., Bernard, A., Spehner, D., Villeval, D., and Drillien, R. 1993. Vaccination of mice against canine distemper virus-induced encephalitis with vaccinia virus recombinants encoding measles or canine distemper vims antigens. Vaccine 11, 438-444. 

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