Medicine, emulsions

There are two categories of white oils technical white oils and medicinal white oils. The technical white oils, which are already highly dearomatized, are used for specialized lubricants, particularly in the textile industry, and also as components in cosmetics, as plasticizers in the rubber or plastics industries, or as emulsion bases for certain pulverized agriculture products. The medicinal white oils, whose dearomatization is pushed further still, are used in pharmaceuticals, or in the food industry, wherever residual oils might be in contact with food. 

Sodium lauryl sulfate is often used in medicinal preparations. As mentioned above, it is used as an emulsifer for creams and lotions in cosmetic preparations, but due to its low toxicity and biological compatibility it is also used in the preparation of creams, gels, and emulsions in which the medications are dispersed. Its ability to lower the interfacial tension affects the potentiation and availability of medications. 

BA Mulley. Medicinal emulsions. In KJ Lissant, ed. Emulsions and Emulsion Technology, Part I. New York Marcel Dekker, 1974, pp 291-350. 

Table 13.13 Overview of the adjuvant preparations that have been developed to date, or are under investigation. Of these, aluminium-based substances are the only adjuvants used to any significant degree in humans. Calcium phosphate and oil emulsions find very limited application in human medicine...

Decision Analysis in Medicine Electron Microscope Design Emulsion Chemistry Finite Element Analysis Helicopter Blade Motion Maximum Likelihood Estimation Genetic Studies of Family Resemblance Large Scale Integrated Circuit Design Resolving Closely Spaced Optical Targets... 

Liquid medicines generally include oral liquids, suspensions, emulsions, inhalations, nasal solutions and suspensions, topical semisolids and topical liquids, ophthalmics, and parenterals. There are numerous excipients used for liquid... 

The huge variety of emulsions used as food, medicinal, cosmetic, and other industrial products make these colloids important practical systems in which the surface monolayers exert considerable influence. We have already discussed the use of lecithin to control the viscosity and the texture of chocolate in Vignette IV in Chapter 4. 

Uses of Soap.—Soap is applied for washing, for fulling weellcn cloths, et cetera, and in medicine. Ils application for washing is founded on two conditions, namely, on its power to remove fatly matters from textile and other materials, and to form therewith an emulsive mass soluble in soapy water and on the readiness with which the neutral salts of fatty acids are decomposed by worm, water into aoid componnds and free alkali, The latter acts upun tho impurities of substances, and forms with them compounds partly soluble, and partly such as will no longer adhere to toxtUo fabrics and other bodies, whilst the separated acid salts of the fatty aoids keep the surface of the material in a smooth condition. 

Milk of Sulphur or Precipitated Sulphur of commerce, which is prepared by precipitating with acid a solution of calcium polysulphide (obtained by heating an aqueous emulsion of slaked lime with finely divided sulphur, see p. 67) or of liver of sulphur (obtained by fusing together potassium carbonate and sulphur), is also a mixture of finely divided rhombic sulphur with the insoluble amorphous y-sulphur. It owes the paleness of its colour and its especial suitability for internal medicinal application to its very fine state of division. y-Sulphur in reactivity is very little different from ordinary crystalline sulphur.7... 

There are also several water-soluble mixtures of polysaccharides, including those derived from seaweeds and marine animals, such as gum arabic, agar, algin, carrageenan, and chitin. These are hydrophilic. Their suspensions in water can be quite viscous and can readily form gels, and they can form viscous interfacial films around dispersed droplets and bubbles [821], They are used to stabilize suspensions, foams, and emulsions and are used in many different foods and medicines including, for example, ice cream [428,430], See also Ref. [822],... 

A range of emulsions, foams and suspensions can be found in biology and medicine. In fact, the human body alone contains a range of suspensions, emulsions, and sometimes foams. Some examples are given in Table 14.1. 

Table 14.1 Some emulsions, foams, and suspensions in biology and medicine. ...

Composite emulsion as carrier of hydrophilic medicine for chemotherapy was prepared by adding albumin to the internal water phase and lecithin or cholesterol to the oil phase, thus obtaining a water-in-oil emulsion. This emulsion was then pressed through Millipore membrane into an external water phase to form a w/o/w multiple emulsion. Its advantages are high size uniformity and high storage stability [66]. 

Uses of Emulsions Emulsions find numerous applications in daily life, medicine, industry and cosmetics. They may be described as follows. ... 

A number of medicines and pharmaceutical preparations are emulsions in nature. It is assumed that in this form, they are more effective. Cod-liver oil, castor oil, petroleum oil are used as medicines which are all emulsions. Asphalt emulsified in water is used for building roads, without the necessity of melting the asphalt. Most of the cosmetics used are emulsions as they permit uniform spreading and promoting the penetration into the skin. Vanishing cream is an O/W type emulsion. Hair creams, cold creams are W/O type emulsions. 

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