Emulsion design

REZTHANE 1980 is an aqueous polyurethane emulsion designed for pad, reverse roll or engraved roll application. 

SOFTENER 27-3 is a nonionic polyethylene emulsion designed for use in textile finishing to provide durable softness and lubricity. The polyethylene in SOFTENER 27-3 is of the medium to high density type. The product has been formulated to provide exceptional emulsion stability over a wide range of pH, temperature and mechanical shear conditions. 

This low crock is a modified organic resin emulsion designed to give excellent binder properties and is used in an aqueous pigment printing system. 

Riess, J.G. Fluorocarbon emulsions—designing an efficient shuttle service for the respiratory gases—the so-called blood substitutes . In Fluorine at the Millenium Banks, R.E., Ed. Elsevier Amsterdam, 2000 385-431. 

It should be noted that in ASTM D 977 (2012), there are also emulsions designated by the initials HF (high flow). This emulsion grade includes particular anionic emulsions, which help the formation of thicker bituminous films to prevent draining of bitumen from the aggregates. 

ANSYS simulation enables engineers to study multiphase distribution, heat and mass transfer calculations, chemical kinetics and reaction of gas-liquid reactions. These include the design of plate columns, packed columns and bubble columns, a loop reactor and bioreactor development, gas-in-liquid dispersion studies and emulsion design. 

This understanding of the observation later led to the design of relatively defect free crystals with carefully controlled internal and surface sensitivity through chemical sensitisation. Crystals of silver bromide were precipitated and treated with sensitisers. Further deposits of silver bromide then buried the sensitivity centres. Figure 11.6b shows the resulting monodispersed crystals. These direct positive emulsions designed by F. Evans [37-39] were probably the first commercially exploited examples of crystals which were so perfectly formed and uniform. Previous emulsions contained a mixture of shapes and sizes due to relatively uncontrolled precipitation processes. 

McClements, D. J. (2010). Emulsion-design to improve the delivery of functional lipophilic components. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 1, 241-269. 

Determining emulsion type Yes (HLB and Bancroft rule) Emulsion design... 

Figure 12.13 Emulsion design. The Bancroft rule "The phase in which the emulsifier is more soluble tends to be the dispersion medium. "An emulsifier soluble in water leads to an O/W emulsion, while an emulsifier soluble in oil leads to a W/O emulsion...

Figure 12.14 Emulsion design - Griffin s HLB. Rough rule A HLB < 8 gives emulsifiers for W/O emulsions and HLB > 8 gives emulsifiers for O/W emulsions...

The most important types of emulsions are oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o). Oil-in-oil emulsions are rare, while double emulsions (e.g. oil-in-water-in oil) are also possible. A very important issue in emulsion design is to define/design the right type of emulsion for a certain application. The emulsion type can be determined from the hydro-philic/lipophilic properties of emulsifiers, as explained by Bancroft s rule, shown schematically in Figure 12.13. 

Features Yields stable nonfoaming, nonseparating o/w emulsions designed for naphthenic o/w emulsions requiring hard water stability Properties Sp.gr. 1.055 (60 F)... 

ECCO MP-2004 is a newly developed mildewproof emulsion designed to be compatible with a variety of water repellents for a single bath treatment of textiles. 

CUNIPHEN 2713 contains effective water repellents and is formulated for solvent system application. CUNIPHEN 2721 and 2721C are emulsions designed to be compatible with many acid-wax water repellents, allowing mildewproofing and water repellent application in a single treatment. 

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