Emulsifying agents oleic acid

It is quite clear, first of all, that since emulsions present a large interfacial area, any reduction in interfacial tension must reduce the driving force toward coalescence and should promote stability. We have here, then, a simple thermodynamic basis for the role of emulsifying agents. Harkins [17] mentions, as an example, the case of the system paraffin oil-water. With pure liquids, the inter-facial tension was 41 dyn/cm, and this was reduced to 31 dyn/cm on making the aqueous phase 0.00 IM in oleic acid, under which conditions a reasonably stable emulsion could be formed. On neutralization by 0.001 M sodium hydroxide, the interfacial tension fell to 7.2 dyn/cm, and if also made O.OOIM in sodium chloride, it became less than 0.01 dyn/cm. With olive oil in place of the paraffin oil, the final interfacial tension was 0.002 dyn/cm. These last systems emulsified spontaneously—that is, on combining the oil and water phases, no agitation was needed for emulsification to occur. 

With mineral acids, the alkanolamines form ammonium salts which hydroly2e readily in the presence of water and dissociate on heating. Fatty acids, such as oleic, give soaps which are highly efficient emulsifying agents with important industrial uses, particularly the soaps of AMP (see Emulsions Surfactants). 

Finally brief reference should be made to the stabilization of synthetic latices, particularly high solids latices of the GR-S type and the improvement of the cold GR-S polymerization by a synthetic emulsifying agent known as EMCOL K-8300, which is a sulfosuccinic acid ester (sodium salt) of the isopropanolamide of oleic acid ... 

Another type of sulphated product, an ester sulphate, can be prepared by esterifying a fatty acid such as ricinoleic or oleic acid with a short-chain (C3-C5) alcohol and then sulphating. Such products are particularly useful foaming, wetting and emulsifying agents an example is sulphated butyl ricinoleate (9.11). 

Fatty acids released by lipases can be determined quantitatively by TLC, GC and HPLC. TLC methods are used in conjunction with densitometric methods or autoradiographic methods using radiolabelled TAG. Many GC and HPLC methods that have been outlined earlier are widely used to isolate and quantify FFAs in lipolytic assays. Additionally a method using p-nitrophenyllaurate as a substrate was described by Maurich et al. (1991) who quantified activity by the release of p-nitrophenol. Veeraragavan (1990) used a RP-HPLC method with triolein as the substrate. Triolein was emulsified in buffer with the aid of a surface active agent and the lipase added under controlled conditions. Lipolytic activity was measured by the release of oleic acid and quantified by absorbance at 208 nm. 

Sorbitan fatty acid esters are produced by polymerization of ethylene oxide to sorbitan fatty acid esters. The resulting polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters are nonionic hydrophilic emulsifiers. They are used in bakery products as antistaling agents. They ate known as polysorbates with a number as indication of the type of fatty acid used (e.g., lauric, stearic, or oleic acid). 

Oleic acid is used as an emulsifying agent in foods and topical pharmaceutical formulations. It has also been used as a... 

When mixed in equimolar proportions with a fatty acid, such as stearic acid or oleic acid, triethanolamine forms an anionic soap with a pH of about 8, which may be used as an emulsifying agent to produce fine-grained, stable oil-in-water emulsions. Concentrations that are typically used for emulsification are 2-4% v/v of triethanolamine and 2-5 times that of fatty acids. In the case of mineral oils, 5% v/v of triethanolamine will be needed, with an appropriate increase in the amount of fatty acid used. Preparations that contain triethanolamine soaps tend to darken on storage. However, discoloration may be reduced by avoiding exposure to light and contact with metals and metal ions. 

Commercial products are mixtures of partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides with oleic acid. They are generally insoluble in water and are used as water-in-oil emulsifiers and as wetting agents. The main sorbitan esters are listed in Table 6.7 together with a space-filling model of a representative component of sorbitan palmitate. 

Polysorbate 80 Commercially known as Tween 80, polysorbate 80 is used in the food industry as an emulsifier (basically, a thickening agent). It is created from sorbitol (an acidic sugar alcohol) and oleic acid (which is a healthy fatty acid when it is not chemically altered and combined with other ingredients). 

Sulfobutanedioio acid 1,4-bis(1 -methylpentyl) ester sodium sail. Alphasol MA Aerosol MA Bis(l-methylamyl) sodium sulfosuccinate Butanedioic acid, sulfo-, 1,4-bis(1-methylpentyl) ester, sodium salt Oihexyl sodium sulfosuccinate EINECS 227-847-0 Lankropol KMA Sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate Sodium 1,4-diisohexyl 2-sulphosucoinate. Emulsifier, wetting agent, especially in solutions of electrolytes used as a solubilizer for soaps, emulsion polymerization aid. Solid soluble in H2O, pine oil, oleic acid, MezCO, kerosene, CCI4, EtOH, CsHe, hot olive oil, glycerol insoluble in liquid petrolatum. Harcros. 

Uses Emulsifier, solubilizer, wetting agent for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food, paints, inks, pesticides, leather treatment, metalworking fluids, polishes and cleaners, textiles, household and industrial prods. defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard Regulatory FDA 21 CFR 176.210 40CFR 180.1001 (c) exempt Properties Amber Iiq. sol. in ethanol, oleyl alcohol, IPM, oleic acid, kerosene, butyl stearate partly sol. in water, olive oil, xylene, trichlorethyl-ene HLB 10.0 acid no. 2 max. sapon no. 96-104 hyd. no. 134-150 nonionic 97% cone. 

Triamylamlne is a water-white ta light yellow, stable liquid which is strongly basic in reaction. It is soluble in ethyl alcohol, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, aromotic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, fixed oils, mineral oil, oleic and stearic acids, and in hot paraffin and carnauba waxes, the latter two solidifying when cooled. It is insoluble in water and methyl alcohol. It is on excellent corrosion inhibitor of steel in a 0.13% solution in rtormal sulfuric acid. It is used In the manufacture of emulsifying agents, dyestuffs, and insecticides. 

Synonyms POE (10) oleyl amine Definition PEG amine of oleic acid Uses Surfactant for textile auxs. emulsifier, anti-irritant in shampoos neutralizer for acrylate thickeners antistat, foaming agent, and mild detergent in cosmetics Trade Name Synonyms Monopol OM-1020 [Dongnam Chem. Ind. Ltd http //www.dongnamchem.com], Protox 0-10 [Protameen http //www.protameen.com] Serdox NRA 10 [Sasol Servo BV http //www.sasolservo.com]... 

Synonyms POE (12) oleyl amine Definition PEG amine of oleic acid Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Emulsifier, wetting agent, antistat, corrosion inhibitor for agric., leather, textiles, metalworking, and plastics Trade Name Synonyms Berol 303 t[Akzo Nobel Surf. Chem. 

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