Emulsifier modification

Wetting and dispersing agent emulsifier Modification of baking properties emulsifier antioxidant Viscosity reduction antioxidant Emulsifier antispattering agent antioxidant Nutritional supplement... 

Additives. Because of their versatility, imparted via chemical modification, the appHcations of ethyleneimine encompass the entire additive sector. The addition of PEI to PVC plastisols increases the adhesion of the coatings by selective adsorption at the substrate surface (410). PEI derivatives are also used as adhesion promoters in paper coating (411). The adducts formed from fatty alcohol epoxides and PEI are used as dispersants and emulsifiers (412). They are able to control the viscosity of dispersions, and thus faciHtate transport in pipe systems (413). Eatty acid derivatives of PEI are even able to control the viscosity of pigment dispersions (414). The high nitrogen content of PEIs has a flame-retardant effect. This property is used, in combination with phosphoms compounds, for providing wood panels (415), ceUulose (416), or polymer blends (417,418) with a flame-retardant finish. 

The interest in this type of copolymers is still very strong due to their large volume applications as emulsifiers and stabilizers in many different systems 43,260,261). However, little is known about the structure-property relationships of these systems 262) and the specific interactions of different segments in these copolymers with other components in a particular multicomponent system. Sometimes, minor chemical modifications in the PDMS-PEO copolymer backbone structures can lead to dramatic changes in its properties, e.g. from a foam stabilizer to an antifoam. Therefore, recent studies are usually directed towards the modification of polymer structures and block lengths in order to optimize the overall structure-property-performance characteristics of these systems 262). 

Applications Over the last 20 years, ICP-AES has become a widely used elemental analysis tool in many laboratories, which is also used to identify/quantify emulsifiers, contaminants, catalyst residues and other inorganic additives. Although ICP-AES is an accepted method for elemental analysis of lubricating oils (ASTM D 4951), often, unreliable results with errors of up to 20% were observed. It was found that viscosity modifier (VM) polymers interfere with aerosol formation, a critical step in the ICP analysis, thus affecting the sample delivery to the plasma torch [193]. Modifications... 

A number of studies have been conducted [1,2] in which different fatty acid modifications were examined. High selectivity and high calcite-dolomite recoveries were obtained with emulsified fatty acid with soda ash and sodium silicate. Table 22.2 shows the results from calcite/dolomite flotation using different fatty acid type collectors and various modifications. 

Dissolving or swelling of crude Copper Phthalocyanine Blue in sulfuric acid, followed by precipitation in water (hydrolysis) affords the a-modification with a fine particle size. Emulsifiers may be present if desired. Dry milling of the crude (3-crys-tal phase, for instance in the presence of sodium chloride or sodium sulfate, also yields the a-phase. 

Lipid nanodispersions (SLN and NLC) are complex, thermodynamically unstable systems. The colloidal size of the particles alters physical features (e.g., increasing solubihty and the tendency to form supercooled melts). The complex structured lipid matrix may include hquid phases and various lipid modifications that differ in the capacity to incorporate drugs. Lipid molecules of variant modifications may differ in their mobility. Moreover, the high amount of emulsifier used may result in liposome or micelle formation in addition to the nanoparticles. 

In addition to particle size, the degree of crystallinity and the modification of the lipid are of relevance for drug incorporation and release. Lipid crystallization and a change of the modification can be delayed with very small particles and in the presence of emulsifiers [20,21]. 

The surface of polymer particles obtained by emulsion polymerization is occupied by emulsifier molecules, initiator fragments, and hydrophilic comonomer units. Therefore, desirable design of the surface ought to be done by choosing the emulsifier, initiator, and comonomer. Some of them are employed in aiming for postreaction at the surface to convert it into a functional one. When any change is necessary on the particle surface, modification of surface can be done by the following means ... 

Modification of phospholipids by modified lipase. Phospholipids are natural emulsifiers which have many applications in foods, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and other industries. Yagi et ai (5) reported the transesterification of phospholipids with native lipase. Yoshimoto et al, (6) reported the transesteritication of phospholipids with polyethylene glycol modified lipase. 

Effective Hamaker constant, 234 Emulsifying activity index, 186,188/ Emulsions, concentrated oil-in-water, effea of interdroplet forces on centrifugal stability, 229-245 Enhancers of taste. See Taste enhancers Enzymatic modification of soy proteins, 181-190... 

The following factors appear to control the emulsification properties of milk proteins in food product applications 1) the physico-chemical state of the proteins as influenced by pH, Ca and other polyvalent ions, denaturation, aggregation, enzyme modification, and conditions used to produce the emulsion 2) composition and processing conditions with respect to lipid-protein ratio, chemical emulsifiers, physical state of the fat phase, ionic activities, pH, and viscosity of the dispersion phase surrounding the fat globules and 3) the sequence and process for incorporating the respective components of the emulsion and for forming the emulsion. 

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