Embedded control microprocessor

Brannen, 2004). Such re-contextualisation is a dynamic process as it is propelled by sensemaking that is context-bound. If the context is not shared by all stakeholders, meanings can easily shift in transfer (Brannen, 2004). Whereas in the NVH case the actors were eventually able to put their respective knowledge and experience into the present context and so jointly made sense of the problem, this sealant case somehow fell short of such unification of interpretations. Akin to a host of environmental measures that designers of an embedded control system implement to protect the health of its controller, especially its microprocessor, an appropriate sensemaking forum where the new context was better understood and opposing viewpoints worked out should have existed but did not. 

In order to meet these expectations, the central on-board computer (CDMS) was built around a microprocessor type, which has a long track record in space. The RTX2010, manufactured by Harris Semiconductor at that time, although was not a new and fast processor, but it had been especially designed for embedded control tasks in military and aerospace applications. It is a radiation-hardened stack machine processor that implements the Forth programming environment in hardware. 

The Ferranti-Shidey viscometer was the first commercial general-purpose cone—plate viscometer many of the instmments stiU remain in use in the 1990s. Viscosities of 20 to 3 x 10 mPa-s can be measured over a shear rate range of 1.8-18, 000 and at up to 200°C with special ceramic cones. Its features include accurate temperature measurement and good temperature control (thermocouples are embedded in the water-jacketed plate), electrical sensing of cone—plate contact, and a means of adjusting and locking the position of the cone and the plate in such a way that these two just touch. Many of the instmments have been interfaced with computers or microprocessors. 

Embedded systems. Smaller microprocessor-based systems, such as a PLC or PC, with the sole purpose of controlling and/or monitoring particular manufacturing equipment. They are usually developed and delivered by the equipment supplier as an integral component of the process equipment or package plant, (e.g., filling machine, packaging machine). 

Embedded System GAMP Forum (1996) A system, usually microprocessor or PLC based, whose sole purpose is to control a particular piece of automated equipment. This is contrasted with a stand-alone computer system. 

Smart materials are modelled upon biological systems with sensors acting as a nervous system, actuators acting as muscles and microprocessor controllers acting as a brain. These concepts are currently being applied to advanced composite materials where sensors and actuators can be embedded during fabrication (Davidson 2002). 

The Teletest control circuitry is a typical embedded system which requires a microprocessor, memories and other peripherals such as Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC), Digital-to-Analogue Converters (DAC). An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one or more dedicated functions. Embedded systems can be optimized for special tasks to reduce the size and cost of the product, also to increase the reliability and enhance the performance of the system. 

Zilog in July 1976 introduced the Z-80, which was intended to be an improved 8080. It also used 8-b data and 16-b address, could execute all of the opcodes of the 8080 and added 80 more instructions. The register set was doubled and consisted of two banks, which could be switched. Two index registers (IX and lY) allowed for more complex memory instructions. Probably the most successful feature of the Z-80 was its memory interface. Until its introduction, dynamic random-access memory (RAM) had to be refreshed with rather complex external circuitry, which made small computing systems more complex and expensive. The Z-80 was the first chip to incorporate this refreshing capability on-chip, which increased its popularity among system developers. The Z-8 was an embedded processor similar to the Z-80 with on-chip RAM and read-only memory (ROM). It was available in clock speeds to 20 MHz and was used in a variety of small microprocessor-based control systems. 

Granulation equipment is supported by computer control systems that are getting increasingly sophisticated. Most commercial equipment has programmable logic controllers or embedded microprocessors. International forums with representation from users and the vendors of equipment and software have been set up to address the software life cycle documentation requirements. GAMP 4 is a globally accepted... 

The impact and tremendous growth of embedded systems is often not realized they account for more than 98% of the produced microprocessors (Ebert Jones, 2009 Zhao et al., 2003). There is a wide variety of embedded systems, ranging from RFID tags and household appliances over automotive components and medical equipment to the control of nuclear power plants. In the following we restrict our discussion mostly to complex embedded systems. 

Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI) and Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus (IIC or fc or I2C) These are industry-standard input/output interfaces and are becoming more common in the FPA world as control interfaces to ROICs. Many embedded microprocessors implement these two interfaces in their architecture this makes them attractive for use in an ROIC. This can simplify the camera control electronics design since most cameras have embedded microprocessors in them already. 

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