Embedded components Capacitors

So, on this basis, low power electrical components such as semiconductors, capacitors, transformers, relays (which shall be sealed in order to prevent ingress of granules into the contact space and mechanical blocking caused hereby), resistors and fuses can be explosion protected by embedding in a... 

A surface-mounted LTCC RF band-pass filter (bottom half of Figure 1.11) operates at 942 MHz and, by embedding inductors and capacitors in the 17-layer structure, replaces 9 individual passive components (top half of Figure 1.11). Some layers in the stackup are 50 pm (2 mil) thick for use as the capacitor dielectrics. This filter was designed for cellular phone applications and significantly reduced board space over its discrete equivalent. In addition, assembly time was reduced and, with fewer solder joints for this function, reliability was improved. 

This module (Figure 1.23) was an early application of LTCC for wireless products and demonstrated the cost-effectiveness of LTCC in commercial production volumes. The module is a VCO/synthesizer with surface-mounted components, an embedded resonator, and embedded inductors and capacitors. The substrate is about V2-in. square and has eight conductor... 

This module (Figure 1.24) is an antenna switch/filter module designed for dual-band portable wireless telephones. It combines GSM/DCS/PCS diplex-ing and receiving/transmitting antenna functions. The 8.9 x 9.9 mm (0.35 x 0.39 in.) LTCC module uses a 26-pad EGA format. In addition to the surface-mounted passive components, the six-conductor-layer structure incorporates 13 embedded capacitors and inductors to form the diplexer and 2 low-pass filters. 

Passive integration is an effective technique to increase the component density. It is defined as a combination of circuit carrier (substrate, board, and interconnections) with passive components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, and line elements in one technology. Passive elements may be integrated on the surface or embedded in a multilayer structure of the substrate. The goal is to achieve ... 

Inorganic-polymer nanocomposites characterized by exceptional dielectric constant are often called artificial dielectrics . Artificial dielectrics are created when isolated particles become polarized due to the presence of an applied electric field. These novel nanocomposite artificial dielectrics have the potential to posses high dielectric constants (>100) at high frequencies and the low processing temperature associated with polymers. Such a combination of properties is not found in other capacitor materials [180]. Polymer matrices like PMMA, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), PS, and polyurethane (PU) have been used. Owing to their physicochemical properties, they represent suitable polymer components for embedding nanoscopic functional inorganic fillers (Table 2). 

The trend in surface-mount technology is to use smaller passive devices such as capacitors, resistors, and inductors. Also, there is the use of embedded passive devices, that is, resistors and capacitors that are located within the circuit board laminate. Embedded passive devices free up additional surface area for larger, active components. 

S. Ogitani, S. A. Bidstrup-AUen, and P. Kohl, An Investigation of Fundamental Factors Influencing the Permittivity of Composite for Embeded Capacitor , Proceeding of 1999 Electronic Components and Technology Conference, (1999), pp. 77-81. 

Xu, J.W., Wong, C.P., 2005. Dielectric behavior of ultrahigh-k carbon black composites for embedded capacitor applications. In Electronic Components and Technology Conference, 2005. Proceedings IEEE 55th, pp. 1864—1869. 

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