Passive integration

Alter, H. W., and R. L. Fleischer, Passive Integrating Radon Monitor in Environmental Monitoring, Health Phvs. 40 693 (1981). 

George, A. C., Passive Integrated Measurement of Indoor Radon Using Activated Carbon, Health Phvs. 46 867 (1984). 

A Passive Integrating Radon Dosemeter Combining Activated Charcoal and TLD, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 5, 241-245. 

The instruments include an ionization chamber, the charcoal-trap technique, a flow-type ionization chamber (pulse-counting technique), a two-filter method, an electrostatic collection method and a passive integrating radon monitor. All instruments except for the passive radon monitor have been calibrated independently. Measurements were performed... 

Passive Integrating Radon Monitor PRM electrostatic sampling -180 V applied, dehumidified, CN-film, exposed time two months a measurement... 

Iida, T., Passive Integrating Radon Monitor, Hoken-butsuri, 20 407-415 (1985). 

In order to assess the accuracy of the present method, we compared it with two other methods. One was the Track Etch detector manufactured by the Terradex Corp. (type SF). Simultaneous measurements with our detectors and the Terradex detectors in 207 locations were made over 10 months. The correlation coefficient between radon concentrations derived from these methods was 0.875, but the mean value by the Terradex method was about twice that by our detectors. The other method used was the passive integrated detector using activated charcoal which is in a canister (Iwata, 1986). After 24 hour exposure, the amount of radon absorbed in the charcoal was measured with Nal (Tl) scintillation counter. The method was calibrated with the grab sampling method using activated charcoal in the coolant and cross-calibrated with other methods. Measurements for comparison with the bare track detector were made in 57 indoor locations. The correlation coefficient between the results by the two methods was 0.323. In the case of comparisons in five locations where frequent measurements with the charcoal method were made or where the radon concentration was approximately constant, the correlation coefficient was 0.996 and mean value by the charcoal method was higher by only 12% than that by the present method. 

Petty, J.D. Huckins, J.N. Alvarez, D.A. Brumbaugh, W.G. Cranor, W.L. Gale, R.W. Rastall, A.C. Jones-Lepp, T.L. Leiker, T.J. Rostad C.E. Furlong, E.T. 2004, A holistic passive integrative sampling approach for assessing die presence and potential impacts of waterborne environmental contaminants.54 695—705. 

Passive integrated measurement of indoor radon using activated carbon. 

Brumbaugh, W.G., J.D. Petty, J.N. Huckins, and S.E. Manahan. 2002. Stabilized liquid membrane device (SLMD) for the passive, integrative sampling of labile metals in water. Water Air Soil Pollut. 133 109-119. 

The classic solution is the application of current and voltage transformers, usually as a cast resin embedded type. As a certain disadvantage of inductive transducers, their small frequency range may be considered. Other solutions for current sensors are Rogowski coils (with active or passive integrators) or the fibre-optic current sensor, based upon the Faraday effect [20]. 

W. Kem, Wet-chemical etching of SiC>2 and PSG films, and an etching-induced defect in glass-passivated integrated circuits, RCA Rev. 47, 186, 1986. 

The neutron bubble detector (trade name BD-IOOR) is a reusable, passive integrating dosimeter that allows instant, visible detection of neutron dose. The bubble detector consists of a glass tube filled with thousands of superheated liquid drops in a stabilizing matrix. When exposed to neutrons, these droplets vaporize, forming visible permanent bubbles in an elastic polymer. The total number of bubbles formed is proportional to the neutron dose equivalent H. The bubbles can be counted manually or by a machine. Figure 16.15 shows the response of the bubble detector as a function of neutron energy. 

L. Ross, H.J. Lilienhof, H.W. Hdlscher, Buried Waveguides for Passive Integrated Optics by Cs+-Ion Exchange, Proc. SPIE, Vol, 651, Integrated Optical Circuit Engineering III,... 

Fission product Claddmg passive Integrated pnmary circuit... 

Pnmary circuit pressure control Self pressurized performance passive Integrated primary cu cuit... 

Coolant inventory PV/GV/PIV/SIV/ASS Passive Integral reactor with leak-tight pnmarv components enclosed in GV... 

Coolant Inventory Large coolant volume Passive Integral system... 

Passive integration is an effective technique to increase the component density. It is defined as a combination of circuit carrier (substrate, board, and interconnections) with passive components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, and line elements in one technology. Passive elements may be integrated on the surface or embedded in a multilayer structure of the substrate. The goal is to achieve ... 

However, one might ask, is there really a need for passive integration The answer is yes. Its major driving factors are ... 

Lumped-element design, in general, is little supported by convenhonal computer aided design (CAD) systems. Passive integration is usually limited to resistor design. Reasons for this are that the high-frequency-component... 

Pulsford, N., Passive Integration Technology Targeting Small, Accurate RF Parts, RFDESIGN, November 2002, pp. 40-48. 

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