Elementary analysis

Several requirements must be met in developing a stmcture. Not only must elementary analysis and other physical measurements be consistent, but limitations of stmctural organic chemistry and stereochemistry must also be satisfied. Mathematical expressions have been developed to test the consistency of any given set of parameters used to describe the molecular stmcture of coal and analyses of this type have been reported (4,6,19,20,29,30). 

Elementar-analyse) /. elementary analysis, bestandteil) m. elementary constituent, -ladung) /. elementary charge, unit charge. stoff) m. elementary substance, element. Elementart) /. (Elec.) kind of element, type of cell. 

Lewis, M. J., An Elementary Analysis for Predicting the Momentus and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Hydraulically Rough Surface, Trans. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, V. 97, May (1975) p. 249. 

A. Engstrom, Quantitative Micro- and Histochemical Elementary Analysis by Roentgen Absorption Spectrography, Acta Radiol. Suppl, 63 (1946). 

Bowen HJM (1965) A standard biological material for elementary analysis. In Shallis PW, ed. Proc of the SAC Conference, Nottingham, pp 25-31. W Heifer and Sons, Cambridge. 

In all cases the reaction products are mixtures of ethyl polyphosphates, and, on the basis of elementary analysis, they approximate the empirical formulas given in the above equations. In Equations 3 and 5 the product has been arbitrarily called hexaethyl tetraphosphate, which may contain 8 to 20% of the active tetraethyl pyrophosphate. In Equations 4 and 6 the products have been called technical tetraethyl pyrophosphate, which may contain up to 40% of pure tetraethyl pyrophosphate. Hexaethyl tetra-phosphate has also been made from phosphoric anhydride and diethyl ether by a process recently patented by Adler (1). 

Allitol was characterized by its melting point, 149-150°, elementary analysis, and by the formation of a dibenzylidene derivative, which, after recrystallization from alcohol, melted at 249-250° on the Maquenne block. Later, Steiger and Reichstein7 repeated this synthesis of allitol and demonstrated the identity of the product with that obtained by the reduction of D-allose. 

With this objective, experiments have been made on the dehydration of the polyhydroxyl chain of 2-D-ara6mo-tetrahydroxybutylquinoxaline (L) under relatively mild conditions.38 After heating a solution of the compound in 1% aqueous hydrochloric acid, there may be isolated an appreciable quantity of a crystalline product which is not that (LII) expected by analogy with the dehydrations already described. Its elementary analysis corresponds to the formula C12H8N2O and it is optically inactive. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of an alcoholic solution shows maxima at 365... 

It was well known at the turn of the century that rubber has the empirical composition, C5H9. Michael Faraday elucidated its composition in 1826 by careful elementary analysis. His work, an effort of extreme complexity, has been diminished by the years, but it regains its stature when you recall that over thirty years passed before the next major step was performed. In those thirty years rubber was blended, dissolved, and even vulcanized (by Charles Goodyear in 1839), but it was in 1860 that its major chemical component was discovered. This important finding was made by Greville Williams. He named the product of the destructive distillation of rubber, isoprene. 

The standard procedure of organic chemistry at that time was to prepare (or isolate) pure substances, and characterize these substances by elementary analysis and molecular weight... 

The quantatitive determination of the elements in an organic substance is known as elementary analysis. In this process carbon and hydrogen are determined simultaneously, whilst a separate analysis must be carried out for the determination of each of the other elements. 

When the metals were studied, the release of gases and vapors was observed. For example, Paracelsus reported that when iron was dissolved in sulfuric acid air comes out like a wind. The differentiation of these kinds of air took more than two centuries. Research on the analysis of gases was extremely productive in developing the basic methods to handle and study gases and even paved the way to design techniques for elementary analysis of the constituents of organisms. Thus the study of gases became the second epoch of analytical chemistry it is called the pneumatic age. ... 

Table 2.2. Discovery and first elementary analysis of substrates and products of microorganisms.

Three standard wood fuels have been studied (a) wood chips, (b) wood pellets, and (c) fuel wood. Figure 17 displays the three types of wood fuels. The fuel wood is from softwood, namely pine and spruce. Table 3 shows the wood fuel data. The moisture, ash and elementary analysis is carried out by an accredited laboratory in Sweden according to Swedish test standards (SS). 

Although no complete investigations of the structure of the blood group substances have yet been reported, it is evident from the information available that all the material so far studied is predominantly carbohydrate in nature, and, as can be seen from Table III, preparations from widely different sources have many properties in common, for example, elementary analysis, specific rotation and the like. It is of interest to note that almost all the substances obtained from nonhuman sources display blood group A or blood group O activity, while human material is the most convenient source of the blood group B substance. The majority of the work carried out so far has dealt with blood group A substances. 

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