Elementary charge, 1.2, 1.21

The third integral vanishes because the derivative of the dipole operator itself p = Zi e rj + Za Za e Ra with respect to the coordinates of atomic centers, yields an operator that contains only a sum of scalar quantities (the elementary charge e and the... 

The properties of gas ions are of great importance for the electrical performance of an electrostatic precipitator. They also are very important for particle-charging processes. The size of gas ions is normally such that they can be regarded as gas molecules carrying a single elementary charge. It can even be assumed that ions form a gas component with a very low- partial pressure. Thus, the thermal motion of gas ions is assumed to be similar to that of gas molecules. The most important parameters describing the properties of gas ions are... 

R. A. Millikan (California Institute of Technology, Pasadena) work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photo-electric effect. 

Elementar-analyse) /. elementary analysis, bestandteil) m. elementary constituent, -ladung) /. elementary charge, unit charge. stoff) m. elementary substance, element. Elementart) /. (Elec.) kind of element, type of cell. 

Figure 13. Voltage relaxation method for the determination of the diffusion coefficients (mobilities) of electrons and holes in solid electrolytes. The various possibilities for calculating the diffusion coefficients and from the behavior over short (t L2 /De ) and long (/ L2 /Dc ll ) times are indicated cc h is the concentration of the electrons and holes respectively, q is the elementary charge, k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the absolute temperature.

Here, x and y are the dimensionless distance and potential defined by x = xr and y = e

absolute temperature, k the Boltzmann constant, and x the Debye screening parameter defined by x = (8jtne2/skT)1/2. 

This electrochemical reaction contains the elementary step (4.1) and under conditions of backspillover can be considered to take place over the entire metal/gas interface including the tpb.1,15 18 This is usual referred to as extension of the electrochemical reaction zone over the entire metal/gas interface. But even under these conditions it must be noted that the elementary charge transfer step 4.1 is taking place at the three-phase-boundaries (tpb). 

Faraday s constant, F, is the magnitude of the charge per mole of electrons (the product of the elementary charge e and Avogadro s constant NA) ... 

It is evident that z+x+ = z x = z, where z is the electrolyte s charge number (the number of elementary charges of each sign appearing on dissociation of one molecule of the electrolyte). 

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