Electrophoretic patterns

Fig. 3. Sodium dodecyl sulfate—polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern for molecular weight standards (lane 1) water-extractable proteins of defatted soybean meal (lane 2) purified IIS (glycinin) (lane 3) and purified 7S (P-conglycinin) (lane 4) where the numbers represent mol wt x 10. The gel was mn in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, resulting in the cleavage of the disulfide bond linking the acidic (A bands) and basic (B bands) polypeptides of the...

FIGURE 11.33 Restricdon mapping of a DNA molecule as determined by an analysis of the electrophoretic pattern obtained for different restriction endonuclease digests. (Keep in mind that a dsDNA molecule has a unique nucleotide sequence and therefore a definite polarity thus, fragments from one end are distinctly different from fragments derived from the other end.)... 

St/iuctu/uit >cn o (vUon gcUmd eZactAopkoA,etic pAoca-duAe will aid In detecting an a chaln abnormality because such a variant will be present as two abnormal bands, one major abnormality (02 32) and one minor abnormality (02 62). The absence of the minor abnormality does not exclude an a-chaln abnormality since Its electrophoretic mobility may be similar to that of a known normal hemoglobin type. The electrophoretic pattern in a subject heterozygous for the 3 chaln abnormality Hb-S or Hb-D and for the 6-chain variant Hb-A2 resembles closely that of a person who Is heterozygous for a Hb-D that Is abnormal In the a-chaln. 

As further examples of electrophoretically homogeneous lignins the electrophoretic patterns of cork lignin and commercial indulin purified by fractional precipitation are presented in Fig. 7. 

By use of starch-gel electrophoresis, the total extract of bananas, and the fractions obtained after separation on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, were found to contain six multiple forms of pectinesterase having electrophoretic patterns different from those of tomato pectinesterase.103... 

Ulrikson, G.U. 1971. Radiation effects on serum proteins, hematocrits, electrophoretic patterns and protein components in the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Pages 1100-1105 in D.J. Nelson (ed.). Radionuclides in Ecosystems. Proceedings of the Third National Symposium on Radioecology. May 10-12, 1971, Oak Ridge, TN. Vol. 1. Available from Natl. Tech. Infor. Serv., Springfield, VA 22151. 

I.3. General Remarks. A prerequisite for obtaining conventional patterns is that the Hb has been added to the serum in amounts sufficient to saturate the Hp. As a standard procedure the Hb concentration in serum is increased to 500 mg/100 ml serum before the electrophoretic run. However, sera from patients may contain Hp in a concentration above a HbBC of 500 mg/100 ml (highest value observed was 1400). In such cases the electrophoretic pattern will show supplementary abnormal HpHb lines, since also the intermediate complexes are recognized (see Section 3.2.). The pattern may then be misinterpreted as new Hp types (B5). 

Gel electrophoretic patterns of water-soluble proteins in the five peanut flours were determined as previously described (2) and show considerable differences in protein character (Figure 2). In... 

Figure 2. Typical disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of water-soluble proteins from peanut flours. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 2. Copyright 1980, Institute of Food Technologists.

Alternatively, the denatured single strands can be made to reanneal to form double-stranded helices. Complementary strands will hybridize to each other. However, if there are sequence differences between two strands, one from each allele, they remain unpaired in the heteroduplex and, as a result, form open loops that reduce migration in the electrophoretic gel. This is the basis of heteroduplex analysis, in which distinct electrophoretic patterns are seen for different alleles, similar to that seen in SSCP (01). 

Photodynamic treatment equally affects viral particles and protein components in biological fluid, but virions, being large supramolecular structures, are more vulnerable compared to protein molecules. For this reason, damage to one of the components of a virion leads to inactivation of the entire viral particle without affecting the growth properties of semm or the electrophoretic pattern of the proteins. 

Vincristine resistance has been studied in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines cells resistant to vincristine also are resistant to vinblastine and vindesine. Suggestions were made that, in cells with relatively low levels of drug resistance, at least two prominent mechanisms of resistance can occur (22). In the first instance, cellular resistance may be attributable to membrane alterations that are reversible, functionally, by treatment with verapamil. In the second, resistance has been postulated to be due to an altered sensitivity of tubulin to the effects of the drugs the primary basis for postulating an altered interaction with tubulin was that a subgroup of cells resistant to vincristine showed enhanced sensitivity to taxol, a drug that can stabilize microtubules. It should be emphasized that differential sensitivities of tubulins from different tumor cells to the effects of vincristine or vinblastine has been proposed as a basis for the susceptibilities of cells to the cytotoxic effects of such drugs (23). Differences have been described in the electrophoretic patterns for tubulins obtained from vin-... 

On examination of the urine and serum of numerous patients with suspected paraproteinemia in both Jamaicans and Africans between 1962 and 1966, it was concluded that whenever a low total serum y-globulin level with a normal serum electrophoretic pattern were encountered in a suspected case of multiple myelomatosis, it was then essential to obtain also a specimen of urine from such a patient for further electrophoretic examination. Invariably simultaneous electrophoresis of such sera and urines proved to be diagnostic, even when the classical heat test for Bence Jones protein was negative. Consequently it was found that concurrent electrophoresis of scrum and urine was the first means of detecting multiple myelomatosis in no less than 20% of the patients, which were subsequently confirmed either by bone marrow biopsy or X-ray examination or both (M3). 

The author has observed a marked hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with the nephrotic syndrome in both the West Indies and Nigeria. In these patients the serum IgG level may be less than 500 mg/100 ml, and the urine electrophoretic pattern may resemble that of a normal serum. The striking hypogammaglobulinemia which so frequently accompanies chronic glomerular nephritis is responsible for the superimposed infection that may occur in this condition. 

Analytical chemistry has been helped in recent years by the ubiquity of DNA evidence. Here the measurement uncertainty is not the issue, but simply the probability that a particular electrophoretic pattern could come from someone other than the defendant. Statements such as It is 1,000,000 times more likely that the DNA found at the crime scene came from Mr. X, than came from an unrelated, white male are put to juries, and it has been shown that mostly, with good direction from the judge, the message has been understood. In the next section I explore the consequences of treating the quoted measurement result with its uncertainty as an interval containing the value of the measurand with a certain probability. 

Some disorders may cause an abnormal excretion of GAGs in urine. Among those are various bone diseases, connective tissue diseases, hypothyroidism, urinary dysfunction, and aspartylglucosaminuria. Faint spots for keratan sulfate can also be found in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia as well as in type II mucohpidoses, where traces of dermatan sulfate may additionally be visible. Furthermore, heparin and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Trometamol) can interfere with electrophoretic patterns [56]. To provide a good interpretation of results the clinical features of the patient and the current therapy have to be known. Furthermore, a study of the urin-... 

An Illustration of the Electrophoretic Pattern of Blood Serum Proteins... 

The stability of these foams is improved only with samples heated for certain time intervals, for example, 0 to 45 min at 50 and 75OC, and 0 to 30 min and 60 to 75 min at lOOOC. At lOO C and 60 to 75 min, major changes in proteins are occurring, as shown on the gel electrophoretic patterns. 

Revs 24, 271(1939) (Electrophoresis of proteins by Tiselius Method) 2a) Ibid, JACS 62, 703(1940) (Interpretation of simple electrophoretic patterns) 3) H.A. Abramson,... 

Peptides extracted from casein with N, N-dimethyl formamide have complex electrophoretic patterns identical to those of the fraction first prepared by Long and co-workers and called X-casein (El-Negoumy 1973). These peptides are identical electrophoretically to those released by the action of plasmin, which is present in fresh raw milk, upon asr casein (Aimutis and Eigel 1982). Two of these peptides have tryptic peptide maps and molecular weights identical to those of a pair of the peptides produced by plasmin degradation of asl-casein. These peptides appear to be fragments of a8l-casein which are present in milk as the result of plasmin proteolysis. More definitive information on their primary structure is needed before nomenclature for these fragments can be established. 

Typical electrophoretic patterns for lipid globules and milk lipid globule membrane are illustrated in Figure 10.7. In addition to these... 

Fla. 11. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of red cell hemolyzates with the six phenotypes representing homozygosity and heterozygosity for the three common genes at the acid phosphatase locus, P, Pb, and Pc. From Giblett (79). 

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