Electronic properties, nanostructured

Electronic properties, nanostructured materials, 4-5 Electron redistribution phenomenon of d orbitals, 116-117 schematic, 117... 

Due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and size-dependent electronic properties nanostructured materials like NPs are good as catalysts. NPs of different sizes and structures can show significantly different catalytic activities and thus provides an opportunity to understand the structure-function relationship. NPs prepared usually in ensembles of NPs immobilized on an electrode. Thus the electrocatalytic property result of the average properties of the ensemble. Optimization of the catalyst requires increasing the number of sites available for the reaction to occur, shape and size effect of NP and composition of particles (in case of mixed metal... 

Enhancement of corrosion resistance can bring huge dividends, as nanostructured materials are also superior in mechanical and electronic properties. Nanostructured metals, which are expected to be stronger, harder and tougher, can provide very hard coatings that are more resistant to corrosion, useful for applications in defense armor, aerospace components, constraction equipment, medical devices, sports equipment, etc. Efforts are focused on the commercialization of nanostractured alloys (steel, cobalt alloys, etc.) as well as nanostroctured bulk metals (Cu, Ni, Zr, Ti, etc.). A number of leading research and development institutes and companies... 

The understanding of the electronic properties of nanostructures is one of the most rapidly advancing areas in science. This has two major implications first, it will lead to the construction of nanocircuitiy and nanocomputers that will use considerably less power than current computers while being faster and smaller and second, it will lead to increasing efficiency and decreasing cost of photovoltaic power conversion ( solar energy ). 

C.J. Brabec, F. Padingcr, V. Dyakonov, J.C. Hummelen, R.A.J. Janssen, N.S. Sarieiltci, in Molecular Nanostructures, Proceedings of the International Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials, Kirehbcrg 1998. 

M. Holzinger, A. Hirsch, and P. Bernier, Conference Proceedings, (Electronic Properties of Molecular Nanostructures), 2001, 591,... 

Buckminsterfullerene, the most representative example among the fullerenes, have been extensively explored. Their intrinsic properties such as their size, hydrophobicity, three-dimensionality, and electronic properties have made them extremely promising nanostructures, offering interesting features at the interface of various scientific disciplines, ranging from material sciences207 to biological and medicinal chemistry.208-210... 

Chemical and Genetic Probes—Nanotube-tipped atomic force microscopes can trace a strand of DNA and identify chemical markers that reveal DNA fine structure. A miniaturized sensor has been constructed based on coupling the electronic properties of nanotubes with the specific recognition properties of immobilized biomolecules by attaching organic molecules handles to these tubular nanostructures. In one study, the pi-electron network on the CNT is used to anchor a molecule that irreversibly adsorbs to the surface of the SWNT. The anchored molecules have a tail to which proteins, or a variety of other... 

Frank AJ, N Kopidakis, J Lagemaat (2004) Electron in nanostructured Ti02 solar celktransport, recombination and photovoltaic properties. Coord Chem Rev 248 1195-1213... 

Dubois SM, Zanolli Z, Declerck X et al (2009) Electronic properties and quantum transport in Graphene-based nanostructures. Eur Phys J B 72 1-24... 

Similar to zero-dimensional metal nanoparticles, most of the work on one-dimensional metal nanostructures focuses almost exclusively on gold nanorods. The high interest in anisometric gold nanoclusters arises from their unique optical and electronic properties that can be easily tuned through small changes in size, structure (e.g., the position, width, and intensity of the absorption band due to the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance is strongly influenced by the shell as well as the aspect ratio of the nanorods), shape (e.g., needle, round capped cylinder, or dog bone), and the inter-particle distance [157]. 

Tokumoto M,NarymbetovB, Kobayashi H, Makarova TL, Davydov VA, Rakhmanina AV, Kashevarova LS (2000) In Kuzmany H, Fink J, Mehring M, Roth S (eds) Electronic properties of novel materials - molecular nanostructures. American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY, p 73... 

J. Abraham, P. Whelan, A. Hirsch, F. Hennrich, M. M. Kappes, A. Vencelova, R. Graupner, L. Ley, M. Holzinger, D. Samaille, P. Bernier, Electronic Properties of Novel Materials Molecular Nanostructures (eds H. Kuzmany, J. Fink, M. Mehring, S. Roth), Proc XVIIth Int. Winterschool, Kirchberg, Austria,... 

S. Taeger, O. Jost, W. Pompe, M. Mertig, Electronic Properties of Synthetic Nanostructures, AIP Conf. Proc. 2004, 723, 185. 

Both the discovery of new synthesis processes for nanostructured materials and the demonstration of the highly reactive properties of these materials have increased rapidly within recent years. The new synthesis processes have made available nanostructured materials in a wide variety of compositions of metal oxides and metals supported on metal oxides, which have led to recognition of their exceptional chemical, physical, and electronic properties. The objective of this review is to provide recent results on synthesis of nanostructured materials using the novel processes that were developed in these laboratories recently and to contrast them to other important, new methods. Because some of the most important applications of nanostructured materials are as catalysts for chemical processing, several key reports on enhanced catalytic reactivity of nanostructured grains will be discussed along with the pertinent theory responsible for controlling both activity and selectivity of these new catalysts. 

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